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Pediatrics – Pulmonology

Update on ventilatory management of extremely preterm infants—A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit perspective.

6 Apr, 2022 | 08:40h | UTC

Update on ventilatory management of extremely preterm infants—A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit perspective – Pediatric Anesthesia

 

Review: Novel ventilation techniques in children.

6 Apr, 2022 | 08:38h | UTC

Novel ventilation techniques in children – Pediatric Anesthesia

 

Cluster RCT: Co-ordinated multidisciplinary intervention to reduce time to successful extubation for children on mechanical ventilation.

1 Apr, 2022 | 10:01h | UTC

Abstract: Co-ordinated multidisciplinary intervention to reduce time to successful extubation for children on mechanical ventilation: the SANDWICH cluster stepped-wedge RCT – Health Technology Assessment

Download: Full Report

 

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in children: a prospective national surveillance study in England.

31 Mar, 2022 | 08:29h | UTC

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in children: a prospective national surveillance study between January, 2020, and July, 2021, in England – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

Invited Commentary: Importance of understanding the reinfection risk of COVID-19 in children – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Among premature infants with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and intubated for at least 7 days at 14 to 28 days, hydrocortisone did not improve survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

24 Mar, 2022 | 09:58h | UTC

Hydrocortisone to Improve Survival without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

See also: Visual Abstract

Related:

Randomized Trial: Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Very Preterm Infants Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Systematic Review: Late (after 6 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.

Systematic Review: Early (started within six days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.

State of the Art Review: Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

M-A: Assessment of postnatal corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates

ERS Guideline on Long-term Management of Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Test-negative, case-control study: effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19 in adolescents.

24 Mar, 2022 | 09:44h | UTC

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 against COVID-19 in adolescents – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Higher cigarette taxes could reduce child deaths, first global estimates suggest.

24 Mar, 2022 | 08:25h | UTC

News Release: Higher cigarette taxes reduce child deaths, first global estimates suggest – Imperial College London

Original Study: Cigarette taxation and neonatal and infant mortality: A longitudinal analysis of 159 countries – PLOS Global Public Health

 

New WHO guidelines on the management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents.

22 Mar, 2022 | 09:52h | UTC

WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents – World Health Organization

Commentary: New Children’s TB Guidelines a ‘Game-Changer’ With Non-Invasive Tests, Shortened Treatments – Health Policy Watch

Related: RCT: In children with nonsevere, drug-susceptible tuberculosis, treatment for 4 months is noninferior to treatment for 6 months.

 

Retrospective Cohort: Asthma in children and adolescents is not associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

15 Mar, 2022 | 08:55h | UTC

Asthma and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adolescents – Pediatrics

Commentary: Kids with asthma not at higher risk of COVID-19, study finds – CIDRAP

Related:

We expected people with asthma to fare worse during COVID. Turns out they’ve had a break.

M-A: Asthma does not increase the risk of infection, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality from COVID-19

Systematic review: No evidence that patients with asthma are at increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization or death

Asthma in COVID-19 hospitalizations: An overestimated risk factor?

 

Open Label RCT: Azithromycin for poorly controlled asthma in children.

15 Mar, 2022 | 08:39h | UTC

Azithromycin for Poorly Controlled Asthma in Children: A randomized controlled trial – CHEST (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Adding azithromycin to standard care improves asthma control, exacerbations in children – Healio

Related: Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma

 

RCT: In children with nonsevere, drug-susceptible tuberculosis, treatment for 4 months is noninferior to treatment for 6 months.

10 Mar, 2022 | 11:03h | UTC

Shorter Treatment for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children – New England Journal of Medicine

News Release: Treatment length reduced for children with tuberculosis – University College London

 

Commentary on Twitter

https://twitter.com/NEJM/status/1501686991888392192

 

Association of acute respiratory failure in early childhood with long-term neurocognitive outcomes.

9 Mar, 2022 | 08:41h | UTC

Association of Acute Respiratory Failure in Early Childhood With Long-term Neurocognitive Outcomes – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

IQ Lower for Survivors of PICU Respiratory Failure Hospitalization – HealthDay

Investigating The Effects of Critical Illness in Early Childhood On Neurocognitive Outcomes – University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing

 

RCT: Azithromycin is not effective for the prevention of recurrent wheeze following severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

8 Mar, 2022 | 08:49h | UTC

Azithromycin to Prevent Recurrent Wheeze Following Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis – NEJM Evidence

Commentaries:

Study finds azithromycin use during RSV not useful in preventing recurrent wheezing, may cause harm – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Antibiotic doesn’t prevent future wheezing in babies hospitalized with RSV – Washington University in St. Louis

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Systematic Review: Effect of asthma education on health outcomes in children.

25 Feb, 2022 | 11:09h | UTC

Effect of asthma education on health outcomes in children: a systematic review – Archives of Disease in Childhood

 

Study identifies risk factors for severe CoviD-19 in children.

15 Feb, 2022 | 10:01h | UTC

Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Children – Pediatrics

 

Cohort Study: Physical and mental health 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) among adolescents in England.

9 Feb, 2022 | 10:12h | UTC

Physical and mental health 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) among adolescents in England (CLoCk): a national matched cohort study – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

See also: Long COVID symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents and matched controls (LongCOVIDKidsDK): a national, cross-sectional study – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

Editorial: Assessing the impact of the pandemic in children and adolescents: SARS-CoV-2 infection and beyond – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

Commentary: Long COVID and kids: more research is urgently needed – Nature

Related:

A nationwide cohort study in Denmark showed Long Covid in children is rare and mainly of short duration.

Editorial | Long covid in children and adolescents – “Risk appears low, but many questions remain”.

M-A: Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and young people – “Higher study quality was associated with lower prevalence of all symptoms, except loss of smell and cognitive symptoms”.

Review: Long COVID symptoms in children rarely persist beyond three months.

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Do kids get long COVID? And how often? A pediatrician looks at the data – Children also get Long Covid, but much less often than adults.

Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2 – “Only 25 (1.8%) of 1379 children experienced symptoms for at least 56 days.”

Long-term Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents – “This study found a low prevalence of symptoms compatible with long COVID in a randomly selected cohort of children assessed 6 months after serologic testing”.

Study shows low incidence of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (“Long Covid”) in children after mild disease

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

ATS Guideline: Outpatient respiratory management of infants, children, and adolescents with post-prematurity respiratory disease.

21 Jan, 2022 | 09:55h | UTC

Outpatient Respiratory Management of Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline – American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

News Release: Outpatient Management of Patients with Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease: American Thoracic Society Publishes New Clinical Practice Guideline

 

RCT: In children with community-acquired pneumonia, outpatient antibiotic therapy for 5 days resulted in similar clinical response rates compared to a standard 10-day strategy.

19 Jan, 2022 | 08:39h | UTC

Short- vs Standard-Course Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: The SCOUT-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Commentaries:

Trial finds 5 days of antibiotics superior to 10 for kids with pneumonia – CIDRAP

Shorter antibiotics treatment is better for young children with outpatient pneumonia – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Related:

ACP Guidance: Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections

RCT: 5 days of high-dose amoxicillin therapy noninferior to 10 days for the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

RCT: Among children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged within 48 hours from the ED or hospital, lower-dose outpatient oral amoxicillin was noninferior to a higher dose, and a 3-day duration course was noninferior to 7 days.

Treatment of urinary tract infections in infants <2 Months: A Living Systematic Review – short and long duration of parenteral antibiotics were associated with a similar risk of UTI recurrence.

RCT: 7 days of antibiotic therapy as good as 14 days for afebrile men with urinary tract infection.

Randomized Trial: Seven vs. Fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia

Meta-Analysis: Efficacy of Short-Course Antibiotic Treatments for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

 

RCT: Among children between the ages of 6 and 11 years with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma, add-on Dupilumab reduced exacerbations and improved lung function.

9 Dec, 2021 | 10:21h | UTC

Dupilumab in Children with Uncontrolled Moderate-to-Severe Asthma – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentary: International study supports dupilumab for treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma in children – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

 

Bronchiolitis: evidence and guidance for practice.

8 Dec, 2021 | 09:55h | UTC

Bronchiolitis: evidence and guidance for practice – Evidently Cochrane

 

AAP Clinical Report | Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents.

2 Dec, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents: Testing and Treatment – Pediatrics

 

AAP Clinical Report: Biologics for Asthma and Allergic Skin Diseases in Children.

19 Nov, 2021 | 10:34h | UTC

Biologics for Asthma and Allergic Skin Diseases in Children – Pediatrics

 

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – “In total, 99.995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

12 Nov, 2021 | 10:39h | UTC

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – Nature

Related:

[Preprint] Study confirms children’s extremely low risk of death from Covid-19 – “99·995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

Study: Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

M-A: Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19.

22 Oct, 2021 | 10:24h | UTC

Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis – EClinicalMedicine

 

State of the Art Review: Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

21 Oct, 2021 | 09:56h | UTC

Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia – The BMJ

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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