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Pediatrics – Pulmonology

#CCR22 – RCT: High-flow nasal cannula therapy met criteria for noninferiority compared to CPAP for the liberation from respiratory support in acutely ill children in the ICU.

16 Jun, 2022 | 11:10h | UTC

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Acutely Ill Children Admitted to Pediatric Critical Care Units: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Effect of point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens on antibiotic use in children.

10 Jun, 2022 | 11:16h | UTC

Effect of Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Pathogens on Antibiotic Use in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: The effect of azithromycin on structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis.

7 Jun, 2022 | 11:29h | UTC

The effect of azithromycin on structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis (COMBAT CF): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial – The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Systematic Review: Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalized infants and children.

7 Jun, 2022 | 11:17h | UTC

Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children – Cochrane Library

Summary: Positioning for hospitalised infants and children with acute respiratory distress

 

M-A: Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children.

1 Jun, 2022 | 10:57h | UTC

Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019.

27 May, 2022 | 12:15h | UTC

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis – The Lancet

Commentaries:

Need for improved global measurement of early childhood respiratory syncytial virus disease – The Lancet (free registration required)

RSV kills 100,000 kids under age 5 a year worldwide – CHEST Physician

 

Systematic Review: Airway complications resulting from pediatric esophageal button battery impaction.

27 May, 2022 | 11:49h | UTC

Airway Complications Resulting From Pediatric Esophageal Button Battery Impaction: A Systematic Review – JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (free for a limited period)

Invited Commentary: Pediatric Button Battery Injuries—Current State and What’s Next? – JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

 

Modeling Study: 20% of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases in children could be averted by household testing and treatment.

25 May, 2022 | 10:44h | UTC

News Release: 20% of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases in children could be averted by household testing and treatment – London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Original Study: The global impact of household contact management for children on multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases, deaths, and health-system costs in 2019: a modelling study – The Lancet Global Health

Invited Commentary: Investing in drug-resistant tuberculosis household contact management and preventive treatment – The Lancet Global Health

 

Study Commentary | Antibiotics for pediatric pneumonia: might less be enough?

17 May, 2022 | 10:39h | UTC

Antibiotics for Pediatric Pneumonia: Might Less Be Enough? – Annals of Emergency Medicine

Original Study: Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA

Related:

Extended Versus Standard Antibiotic Course Duration in Children <5 Years of Age Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia in High-risk Settings: Four-week Outcomes of a Multicenter, Double-blind, Parallel, Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial – The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Short- vs Standard-Course Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: The SCOUT-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians – Annals of Internal Medicine

Short-Course Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The SAFER Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Treatment of UTIs in Infants <2 Months: A Living Systematic Review – Hospital Pediatrics

Effect of 7 vs 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy on Resolution of Symptoms Among Afebrile Men With Urinary Tract Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA

Seven versus fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

Efficacy of short-course antibiotic treatments for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

 

Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer.

12 May, 2022 | 07:54h | UTC

Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer – European Respiratory Review

 

Preventing asthma deaths in school children: 3 things to know.

4 May, 2022 | 10:59h | UTC

Preventing asthma deaths in school children: 3 things to know – Evidently Cochrane

Related video: Preventable

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review: Mechanical ventilation in pediatric and neonatal patients.

4 May, 2022 | 10:29h | UTC

Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric and Neonatal Patients – Frontiers in Physiology

 

RCT: Nasal high-flow therapy during neonatal endotracheal intubation.

28 Apr, 2022 | 08:07h | UTC

Nasal High-Flow Therapy during Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Successful Intubations Up With Nasal High-Flow Therapy in Neonates – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation vs. nasal continuous positive airway pressure vs. nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation as postextubation support for preterm neonates.

27 Apr, 2022 | 07:59h | UTC

Noninvasive High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation vs Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation as Postextubation Support for Preterm Neonates in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

Systematic Review: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children.

20 Apr, 2022 | 09:02h | UTC

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children – Cochrane Library

Summary: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children – Cochrane Library

 

Study showed low rates of severe COVID-19 in children hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

14 Apr, 2022 | 08:49h | UTC

Very low rates of severe COVID-19 in children hospitalised with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in London, England – Journal of Infection

Commentary: Severe COVID-19 extremely rare among children – News Medical

Related:

[Preprint] Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany – “overall hospitalization rate associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.9 per 10,000 children, ICU admission rate was 1.7 per 10,000 and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000”.

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – “In total, 99.995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

Editorial: COVID-19 vaccines for children – “Although it is true that most children experience asymptomatic or mild disease, some will get quite sick, and a small number will die. It’s why children are vaccinated against influenza, meningitis, chickenpox, and hepatitis”.

COVID-19 disease severity in children infected with the Omicron variant.

Risk factors for PICU admission and death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in England during the first pandemic year.

Study identifies risk factors for severe CoviD-19 in children.

A nationwide cohort study in Denmark showed Long Covid in children is rare and mainly of short duration.

International study identifies predictors of severe outcomes in children with COVID-19.

 

RCT: In critically ill children requiring noninvasive respiratory support following extubation, high-flow nasal cannula therapy was NOT noninferior to CPAP, resulting in increased time to liberation from respiratory support.

8 Apr, 2022 | 11:07h | UTC

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Following Extubation on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Critically Ill Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Editorial: Selecting Intermediate Respiratory Support Following Extubation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit – JAMA (free for a limited period)

News Release: Trial identifies most effective breathing support for children in intensive care – Imperial College London

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Long COVID in children: a modified Delphi process.

8 Apr, 2022 | 10:40h | UTC

Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) in children: a modified Delphi process – Archives of Disease in Childhood

Related:

First research definition for ‘Long COVID’ in kids and young people formally agreed.

Cohort Study: Physical and mental health 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) among adolescents in England.

A nationwide cohort study in Denmark showed Long Covid in children is rare and mainly of short duration.

Editorial | Long covid in children and adolescents – “Risk appears low, but many questions remain”.

M-A: Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and young people – “Higher study quality was associated with lower prevalence of all symptoms, except loss of smell and cognitive symptoms”.

Review: Long COVID symptoms in children rarely persist beyond three months.

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Do kids get long COVID? And how often? A pediatrician looks at the data – Children also get Long Covid, but much less often than adults.

Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2 – “Only 25 (1.8%) of 1379 children experienced symptoms for at least 56 days.”

Long-term Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents – “This study found a low prevalence of symptoms compatible with long COVID in a randomly selected cohort of children assessed 6 months after serologic testing”.

Study shows low incidence of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (“Long Covid”) in children after mild disease

 

Review: Understanding pediatric ventilation in the operative setting.

6 Apr, 2022 | 08:42h | UTC

Part I: Physical principles of monitoring in the modern anesthesia workstation – Pediatric Anesthesia

Part II: Setting perioperative ventilation – Pediatric Anesthesia

 

Review: Developmental respiratory physiology.

6 Apr, 2022 | 08:41h | UTC

Developmental respiratory physiology – Pediatric Anesthesia

 

Update on ventilatory management of extremely preterm infants—A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit perspective.

6 Apr, 2022 | 08:40h | UTC

Update on ventilatory management of extremely preterm infants—A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit perspective – Pediatric Anesthesia

 

Review: Novel ventilation techniques in children.

6 Apr, 2022 | 08:38h | UTC

Novel ventilation techniques in children – Pediatric Anesthesia

 

Cluster RCT: Co-ordinated multidisciplinary intervention to reduce time to successful extubation for children on mechanical ventilation.

1 Apr, 2022 | 10:01h | UTC

Abstract: Co-ordinated multidisciplinary intervention to reduce time to successful extubation for children on mechanical ventilation: the SANDWICH cluster stepped-wedge RCT – Health Technology Assessment

Download: Full Report

 

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in children: a prospective national surveillance study in England.

31 Mar, 2022 | 08:29h | UTC

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in children: a prospective national surveillance study between January, 2020, and July, 2021, in England – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

Invited Commentary: Importance of understanding the reinfection risk of COVID-19 in children – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Among premature infants with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and intubated for at least 7 days at 14 to 28 days, hydrocortisone did not improve survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

24 Mar, 2022 | 09:58h | UTC

Hydrocortisone to Improve Survival without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

See also: Visual Abstract

Related:

Randomized Trial: Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Very Preterm Infants Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Systematic Review: Late (after 6 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.

Systematic Review: Early (started within six days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.

State of the Art Review: Diagnosis and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

M-A: Assessment of postnatal corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates

ERS Guideline on Long-term Management of Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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