Pediatrics (all articles)

Videolaryngoscopy:
– may increase the success of intubation on 1st attempt and result in fewer intubation attempts, but may not reduce the time required for successful intubation
– likely results in a reduced incidence of airway‐related adverse effectshttps://t.co/ney0pt8PnH pic.twitter.com/lc6bbDME7e

— Cochrane Neonatal (@CochraneNeonate) May 12, 2023

WHO Report | 152 million babies born preterm in the last decade

23 May, 2023 | 13:15h | UTC

News Release: 152 million babies born preterm in the last decade – World Health Organization

Report: Born too soon: decade of action on preterm birth – World Health Organization

The Lancet Series | Small vulnerable newborns

23 May, 2023 | 13:13h | UTC

News Release: An estimated 1 million stillbirths and newborn baby deaths could be prevented each year with low-cost solutions – Lancet

Homepage: Small vulnerable newborns – The Lancet (free registration required for all articles)

Small vulnerable newborns—big potential for impact

Small babies, big risks: global estimates of prevalence and mortality for vulnerable newborns to accelerate change and improve counting

Biological and pathological mechanisms leading to the birth of a small vulnerable newborn

Evidence-based antenatal interventions to reduce the incidence of small vulnerable newborns and their associated poor outcomes

The ethical, economic, and developmental imperative to prevent small vulnerable newborns and stillbirths: essential actions to improve the country and global response

RCT | Tonsillectomy shown to be clinically and cost-effective in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis

23 May, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC

Summary: The NATTINA trial, a pragmatic multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled study, sought to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of conservative management versus tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis. Conducted across 27 UK hospitals, 453 participants aged 16 or older were randomly assigned to either undergo immediate tonsillectomy or receive standard non-surgical care.

The main finding was that participants in the immediate tonsillectomy group had fewer days of sore throat over a 24-month period than those in the conservative management group (median 23 vs. 30 days). After adjusting for site and baseline severity, the incident rate ratio of total sore throat days in the immediate tonsillectomy group was significantly lower than in the conservative management group (0.53, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.65, p < 0.0001). The most common adverse event related to tonsillectomy was bleeding, which occurred in 19% of participants.

The NATTINA trial is the largest to date assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of tonsillectomy in adults. The results indicate that immediate tonsillectomy is clinically effective and cost-effective for recurrent acute tonsillitis. However, patients should weigh the benefits of fewer sore throat days against the risks of surgery.

Article: Conservative management versus tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis in the UK (NATTINA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial – The Lancet

News Release: Tonsillectomy both clinically and cost effective for adults – Newcastle University

Commentary on Twitter

Compared with conservative management, immediate tonsillectomy is clinically effective and cost-effective in adults with recurrent acute #tonsillitis, suggests trial. https://t.co/LvSjn6XUx0 pic.twitter.com/yKzH9RqY5J

— The Lancet (@TheLancet) May 18, 2023

M-A | Inhaled nitrous oxide for painful procedures in children and youth

22 May, 2023 | 13:29h | UTC

Inhaled nitrous oxide for painful procedures in children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis – Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine

RCT | Peanut patch therapy is effective in desensitizing young children with allergies, but raises risk of serious adverse events

15 May, 2023 | 13:10h | UTC

Phase 3 Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Toddlers with Peanut Allergy – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary on Twitter

In the phase 3 EPITOPE trial involving children 1 to 3 years of age with peanut allergy, epicutaneous immunotherapy by means of a peanut patch was superior to placebo in desensitizing children to peanut. https://t.co/USk6HBI9Qh #pediatrics

— NEJM (@NEJM) May 10, 2023

SR | Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants

12 May, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC

Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants – Cochrane Library

Summary: Nasal high flow therapy for breathing support in preterm babies – Cochrane Library

Commentary on Twitter

Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants – 2023 updatehttps://t.co/6UEnZ8fJRS @AmerAcadPeds @ESPR_ESN pic.twitter.com/yLBcQPPPvS

— Cochrane Neonatal (@CochraneNeonate) May 6, 2023

FDA warns of use of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) among teens, young adults

10 May, 2023 | 16:00h | UTC

FDA Warns of Use of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) Among Teens, Young Adults – U.S. Food & Drug Administration

Commentaries:

FDA issues warning for bodybuilding products marketed to teens, young adults – AAP News

Young Men Are Using Banned ‘SARM’ Supplements to Bulk Up, With Harmful Results – HealthDay

RCT | Effect of repeated low-level red light on myopia prevention among children in China with premyopia

10 May, 2023 | 15:52h | UTC

Effect of Repeated Low-level Red Light on Myopia Prevention Among Children in China With Premyopia: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Intervention Prevents Myopia in Children – HealthDay

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis – Cochrane Library

RCT | Effect of low-concentration atropine eyedrops vs. placebo on myopia incidence in children

Crossover RCT | Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets for slowing myopia.

RCT | Effect of text messaging parents of school-aged children on outdoor time to control myopia.

RCT | Myopia control effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy in children.

RCT: Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets for myopia control vs. single-vision spectacle lenses.

Randomized trial: Effect of High add power, medium add power, or single-vision contact lenses on myopia progression in children

Commentary on Twitter

RCT: Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) is a novel and effective intervention for myopia prevention in children with premyopia, up to 54% reduction in incident myopia within 12 months, with good user acceptability and safety. https://t.co/geMajH5ms8

— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) April 26, 2023

News Release: Single CT scan in kids low risk for cancers, but 4 or more CTs increases risk – Canadian Medical Association Journal

AAP Policy Statement | Protecting children and adolescents from tobacco and nicotine

4 May, 2023 | 13:43h | UTC

Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine – Pediatrics

Clinical Report: Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine – Pediatrics

Commentaries:

Protecting Kids From Tobacco’s Harms: AAP Policy Explained – Health Children

To protect kids from tobacco, pediatricians say, focus should be on quitting – or never starting – CNN

Cohort Study | There is no association between labor epidural analgesia and risk of offspring autism and ADHD

4 May, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC

Labor epidural analgesia and subsequent risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a cross-national cohort study of 4.5 million individuals and their siblings – American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Commentary with video on Twitter

AJOG Presents: Labor epidural analgesia and subsequent risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a cross-national cohort study of 4.5 million individuals and their siblings https://t.co/XFbedq7SAz pic.twitter.com/J4Mu5xSwT6

— AJOG (@AJOG_thegray) February 4, 2023

Review | Rapid sequence induction in pediatric anesthesia

4 May, 2023 | 13:26h | UTC

Rapid sequence induction in Paediatric Anaesthesia: A narrative review – Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care

Cluster RCT | Eat, sleep, console approach vs. usual care for neonatal opioid withdrawal

3 May, 2023 | 15:35h | UTC

Eat, Sleep, Console Approach or Usual Care for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: “Eat, Sleep, Console” reduces hospital stay and need for medication among opioid-exposed infants – NIH News Releases

Commentary on Twitter

In this randomized trial, infants who were treated with the Eat, Sleep, Console model for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome had a significantly shorter hospital stay than those in the usual-care group. Full results of the ESC-NOW trial: https://t.co/13j7a5DhZd #PAS2023 pic.twitter.com/so5jqIVwpi

— NEJM (@NEJM) April 30, 2023

Review | Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention

2 May, 2023 | 13:56h | UTC

Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention – The BMJ

Cohort Study | Risk of multiple morbidities across the lifespan in people with Down syndrome or intellectual disabilities

28 Apr, 2023 | 13:19h | UTC

Multiple morbidity across the lifespan in people with Down syndrome or intellectual disabilities: a population-based cohort study using electronic health records – The Lancet Public Health

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

Our new report on Multiple morbidity across the lifespan in people with Down syndrome or intellectual disability is out today https://t.co/wkakUfjetn pic.twitter.com/fVyKZZPdOW

— Andre Strydom (@drandrestrydom) April 27, 2023

AHA Scientific Statement | Basic life support education for schoolchildren

WHO Report | Global progress in tackling maternal and newborn deaths stalls since 2015

Current recommendations for the management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis

Graves’ disease in children: an update

SR | Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in children

SR | Videolaryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in neonates

WHO Report | 152 million babies born preterm in the last decade

The Lancet Series | Small vulnerable newborns

RCT | Tonsillectomy shown to be clinically and cost-effective in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis

M-A | Inhaled nitrous oxide for painful procedures in children and youth

RCT | Peanut patch therapy is effective in desensitizing young children with allergies, but raises risk of serious adverse events

SR | Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants

FDA warns of use of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) among teens, young adults

RCT | Effect of repeated low-level red light on myopia prevention among children in China with premyopia

Guideline | Assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with major and persistent depressive disorders

M-A | Impact on childhood mortality of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene to households

Review | Pediatric pericarditis

Cohort Study | Long-term risk of epilepsy following invasive Group B Streptococcus disease in neonates

4 or more CT scans in childhood correlate with elevated cancer risk

AAP Policy Statement | Protecting children and adolescents from tobacco and nicotine

Cohort Study | There is no association between labor epidural analgesia and risk of offspring autism and ADHD

Review | Rapid sequence induction in pediatric anesthesia

Cluster RCT | Eat, sleep, console approach vs. usual care for neonatal opioid withdrawal

Review | Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention

Cohort Study | Risk of multiple morbidities across the lifespan in people with Down syndrome or intellectual disabilities

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