Pediatrics – Pulmonology
ERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children
11 Aug, 2023 | 15:32h | UTCERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children – European Respiratory Journal
RCT – 2ry analysis | Use of NIPPV, NHFOV post-extubation outperforms NCPAP in neonates with severe respiratory failure or extremely preterm
4 Aug, 2023 | 11:48h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
2nd analysis of NASONE trial in @JAMANetworkOpen examines whether NHFOV is superior in reducing the duration of IMV in comparison to NIPPV and NCPAP in infants born < 28 weeks https://t.co/oWqvO4E5QF
2022 NASONE study: https://t.co/1rfZpaIseN #EBNEOalerts #neoEBM #neotwitter pic.twitter.com/w3Au8s62K7
— Evidence-Based Neo (@EBNEO) July 5, 2023
Systematic Review | NIPPV potentially superior to NCPAP in reducing reintubation in extubated preterm neonates
4 Aug, 2023 | 11:46h | UTC
M-A | Early NIPPV likely reduces the risk of respiratory failure and intubation in very preterm infants
25 Jul, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC
M-A | Exposure to smoke, overcrowding, poor living conditions, and contact with TB cases identified as risk conditions for pediatric TB
24 Jul, 2023 | 12:43h | UTC
RCT | Preterm infants show same feeding tolerance with NCPAP or HHHFNC
20 Jul, 2023 | 11:01h | UTC
Cohort Study | Intermittent hypoxemia is associated with unfavorable respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants
17 Jul, 2023 | 13:28h | UTC
The exposome in respiratory diseases: multiple preventable risk factors from early life to adulthood
27 Jun, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
The increasing global burden of respiratory diseases over recent decades raises questions about the lifelong impact of environmental factors during industrialisation and urbanisation. There is a clear need for action in primary and secondary prevention. https://t.co/MFzkETBr2X pic.twitter.com/jp9LYSiSAR
— ERS publications (@ERSpublications) June 20, 2023
Cohort Study | Association of preterm birth with increased asthma and COPD risk in adulthood
26 Jun, 2023 | 00:45h | UTCSummary: This population-based register study investigated the correlation between gestational ages (GA) and obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. The study used registry data from 706,717 individuals born between 1987-1998 in Finland (4.8% preterm), and 1,669,528 individuals born from 1967-1999 in Norway (5.0% preterm). The study observed care episodes of asthma and COPD using nationwide healthcare registers.
The results showed an increased risk of obstructive airway disease in adulthood for those born at <28 or 28–31 completed weeks of gestation. Even after adjustments, the risk remained 2-3 times greater compared to those who were born full term (at 39-41 completed weeks). Additionally, the risk for COPD at age 30–50 was significantly higher for those born at <28 weeks, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.44. The study also identified that bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infancy increased the odds of obstructive airway disease for those born at <28 and 28–31 weeks.
These findings suggest that preterm birth is a notable risk factor for asthma and COPD in adulthood, and this risk was observed across all gestational ages before full term. The study recommends diagnostic vigilance for adults born very preterm presenting with respiratory symptoms. However, the researchers also noted the potential limitations of using registry data, which might include residual confounding from unmeasured confounders and lack of data on certain prenatal or early life factors.
Article: Preterm birth and asthma and COPD in adulthood: a nationwide register study from two Nordic countries – European Respiratory Journal (free for a limited period)
Commentary on Twitter
In this population-based study of 2.4 million people from Finland and Norway, adults born preterm were at higher risk for asthma and COPD at ages 18–50 years. The risks were observed across all gestational ages before full term in a dose-response manner. https://t.co/bGsAOrwAxV pic.twitter.com/WmCoc6cPu2
— ERS publications (@ERSpublications) June 22, 2023
M-A | HFNC, CPAP, BiPAP prove more effective than conventional oxygen therapy in minimizing pediatric extubation failure
19 Jun, 2023 | 13:35h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
Study suggests that CPAP, HFNC, and BiPAP were more effective than conventional oxygen therapy for providing postextubation noninvasive respiratory support in a pediatric population. https://t.co/d56eNkP8QP @abusultaneh @RobyKhemaniMD @PALISInet
— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) June 5, 2023
Review | Point-of-care thoracic ultrasound in children: new advances in pediatric emergency setting
16 Jun, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC
Cluster RCT | Point-of-care CRP testing cuts antibiotic prescriptions in respiratory illnesses in primary care
1 Jun, 2023 | 11:58h | UTCCommentary: Use of CRP testing reduced antibiotics for respiratory infections, trial finds – CIDRAP
SR | Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants
12 May, 2023 | 13:31h | UTCNasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants – Cochrane Library
Summary: Nasal high flow therapy for breathing support in preterm babies – Cochrane Library
Commentary on Twitter
Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants – 2023 updatehttps://t.co/6UEnZ8fJRS @AmerAcadPeds @ESPR_ESN pic.twitter.com/yLBcQPPPvS
— Cochrane Neonatal (@CochraneNeonate) May 6, 2023
AAP Policy Statement | Protecting children and adolescents from tobacco and nicotine
4 May, 2023 | 13:43h | UTCProtecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine – Pediatrics
Clinical Report: Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine – Pediatrics
Commentaries:
Protecting Kids From Tobacco’s Harms: AAP Policy Explained – Health Children
SR | Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants
17 Apr, 2023 | 12:37h | UTCNebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants – Cochrane Library
SR | Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in pediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old
10 Apr, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC
Prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what general pediatricians should know
30 Mar, 2023 | 14:12h | UTCPrematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know – European Journal of Pediatrics
Guidelines | Management of bronchiolitis in infants
28 Mar, 2023 | 14:47h | UTC
SR | Post-tuberculosis sequelae in children and adolescents
27 Mar, 2023 | 13:16h | UTCPost-tuberculosis sequelae in children and adolescents: a systematic review – The Lancet Infectious Diseases (free registration required)
Cohort Study | Early childhood respiratory infections linked to increased risk of premature respiratory disease mortality in adulthood
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:52h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to determine the link between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood and premature adult death from respiratory disease. The study used data from a nationally representative cohort recruited at birth in Great Britain in 1946 and followed participants across eight decades.
After adjusting for multiple markers of childhood social disadvantage and adult smoking, the study found that individuals who had an LRTI by age 2 years were 93% more likely to die prematurely from respiratory disease as adults than those who did not have early childhood LRTI, accounting for one-fifth of these deaths and an estimated 179,188 excess deaths across England and Wales between 1972 and 2019.
However, it is important to note that this observational study cannot establish causality, but rather suggests that early childhood LRTI is a marker of increased risk of respiratory-cause deaths later in life.
News Release: Respiratory disease in early childhood linked to higher risk of death for adults – Imperial College London
Commentaries:
Childhood bronchitis, pneumonia tied to premature respiratory death in adults – CIDRAP
Early childhood lower respiratory tract infection: a key determinant of premature adult respiratory mortality – The Lancet (free registration required)
Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)
1/ Great to see the interest in our @TheLancet paper linking lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood to the risk of premature adult death from respiratory disease across Great Britain.
A🧵exploring our study (1/21)
Full paper link below:https://t.co/LlGQJC1wAP
— James P Allinson (@JPAllinson) March 11, 2023
Position Statement | Chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children, adolescents and adults
7 Mar, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC
BTS Clinical Guidance | Prevention and management of community-acquired pneumonia in people with learning disability
6 Mar, 2023 | 14:34h | UTC
SR | Insufficient evidence to recommend Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC
Review | Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease
27 Feb, 2023 | 12:50h | UTCDiagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease – European Respiratory Review
Commentary on Twitter
ERR: Childhood interstitial lung diseases are rare and severe diseases. A stepwise approach to an aetiological diagnosis includes specific investigations performed in expert centres. The term “undefined chILD” must be regularly reassessed. https://t.co/C32b8QgS8I pic.twitter.com/Wq7iatPtTu
— ERS publications (@ERSpublications) February 26, 2023
SR | Glucocorticoids for croup in children
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:17h | UTCGlucocorticoids for croup in children – Cochrane Library