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Pediatrics – Pulmonology

SR | Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants

12 May, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC

Nasal high flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants – Cochrane Library

Summary: Nasal high flow therapy for breathing support in preterm babies – Cochrane Library

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

AAP Policy Statement | Protecting children and adolescents from tobacco and nicotine

4 May, 2023 | 13:43h | UTC

Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine – Pediatrics

Clinical Report: Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine – Pediatrics

Commentaries:

Protecting Kids From Tobacco’s Harms: AAP Policy Explained – Health Children

To protect kids from tobacco, pediatricians say, focus should be on quitting – or never starting – CNN

 

SR | Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants

17 Apr, 2023 | 12:37h | UTC

Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants – Cochrane Library

 

SR | Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in pediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old

10 Apr, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC

Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

 

Prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what general pediatricians should know

30 Mar, 2023 | 14:12h | UTC

Prematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know – European Journal of Pediatrics

 

Guidelines | Management of bronchiolitis in infants

28 Mar, 2023 | 14:47h | UTC

UPDATE – 2022 Italian guidelines on the management of bronchiolitis in infants – Italian Journal of Pediatrics

 

SR | Post-tuberculosis sequelae in children and adolescents

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:16h | UTC

Post-tuberculosis sequelae in children and adolescents: a systematic review – The Lancet Infectious Diseases (free registration required)

 

Cohort Study | Early childhood respiratory infections linked to increased risk of premature respiratory disease mortality in adulthood

20 Mar, 2023 | 13:52h | UTC

Summary: The study aimed to determine the link between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood and premature adult death from respiratory disease. The study used data from a nationally representative cohort recruited at birth in Great Britain in 1946 and followed participants across eight decades.

After adjusting for multiple markers of childhood social disadvantage and adult smoking, the study found that individuals who had an LRTI by age 2 years were 93% more likely to die prematurely from respiratory disease as adults than those who did not have early childhood LRTI, accounting for one-fifth of these deaths and an estimated 179,188 excess deaths across England and Wales between 1972 and 2019.

However, it is important to note that this observational study cannot establish causality, but rather suggests that early childhood LRTI is a marker of increased risk of respiratory-cause deaths later in life.

Article: Early childhood lower respiratory tract infection and premature adult death from respiratory disease in Great Britain: a national birth cohort study – The Lancet

News Release: Respiratory disease in early childhood linked to higher risk of death for adults – Imperial College London

Commentaries:

Childhood bronchitis, pneumonia tied to premature respiratory death in adults – CIDRAP

Lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood linked with higher risk of dying from respiratory disease as an adult, study finds – CNN

Early childhood lower respiratory tract infection: a key determinant of premature adult respiratory mortality – The Lancet (free registration required)

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

Position Statement | Chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children, adolescents and adults

7 Mar, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC

Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) position statement on chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children, adolescents and adults in Australia and New Zealand – Respirology

 

BTS Clinical Guidance | Prevention and management of community-acquired pneumonia in people with learning disability

6 Mar, 2023 | 14:34h | UTC

BTS Clinical Statement on the prevention and management of community-acquired pneumonia in people with learning disability – Thorax

 

SR | Insufficient evidence to recommend Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia

28 Feb, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC

Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia – Cochrane Library

 

Review | Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease

27 Feb, 2023 | 12:50h | UTC

Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease – European Respiratory Review

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

SR | Glucocorticoids for croup in children

23 Feb, 2023 | 13:17h | UTC

Glucocorticoids for croup in children – Cochrane Library

 

RCT | Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children younger than 5 years of age

17 Feb, 2023 | 13:27h | UTC

Summary: The study was a combined phase 2-3 clinical trial that aimed to determine whether the BNT162b2 vaccine was safe, could elicit an immune response and was effective in preventing COVID-19 in healthy children. The trial was conducted on children aged 6 months to 11 years, with the findings presented for the 6 months to 4 years age group. The results indicated that the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and effective in reducing the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 by 73.2% in children aged 6 months to 4 years. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and the side effects were mainly mild to moderate. The incidence of fever was similar among those who received the vaccine or a placebo.*

Article: Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 

RCT | Efficacy of a loading dose of IV salbutamol in children with severe acute asthma admitted to a PICU

8 Feb, 2023 | 12:10h | UTC

Efficacy of a loading dose of IV salbutamol in children with severe acute asthma admitted to a PICU: a randomized controlled trial – European Journal of Pediatrics

 

SR | The current evidence does not support a role for Vitamin D in the management of asthma

7 Feb, 2023 | 14:16h | UTC

Vitamin D for the management of asthma – Cochrane Library

Commentary: Vitamin D for asthma: new evidence, new message – Evidently Cochrane

 

Guideline | Management of severe bronchiolitis in infants under 12 months admitted to a pediatric critical care unit

27 Jan, 2023 | 12:32h | UTC

Clinical practice guidelines: management of severe bronchiolitis in infants under 12 months old admitted to a pediatric critical care unit – Intensive Care Medicine

 

Commentary on Twitter

https://twitter.com/yourICM/status/1610855347203309568

 

Executive Summary | Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

23 Jan, 2023 | 13:45h | UTC

Executive Summary of the Second International Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PALICC-2) – Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

 

RCT | Intranasal mometasone furoate and saline are similarly effective for sleep-disordered breathing in children

23 Jan, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC

Effectiveness of Intranasal Mometasone Furoate vs Saline for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

News Release: Simple nasal spray significantly reduces snoring and breathing difficulties in children – Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

Commentary: Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing Managed in Primary Care with Corticosteroid or Saline – HCP Live

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Clinical challenges in pediatric ventilation liberation: a meta-narrative review

23 Jan, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC

Clinical Challenges in Pediatric Ventilation Liberation: A Meta-Narrative Review – Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

 

M-A | High-flow oxygen and other noninvasive respiratory support therapies in bronchiolitis

23 Jan, 2023 | 13:28h | UTC

High-Flow Oxygen and Other Noninvasive Respiratory Support Therapies in Bronchiolitis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analyses – Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

 

M-A | Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients

23 Jan, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC

Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (free for a limited period)

 

RCT | Early high-flow nasal oxygen did not improve outcomes in hospitalized children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

18 Jan, 2023 | 14:34h | UTC

Effect of Early High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Standard Oxygen Therapy on Length of Hospital Stay in Hospitalized Children With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The PARIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

See also: Visual Abstract

 

Consensus statement | Use of a 4-month treatment regimen for drug susceptible TB in children with uncomplicated disease

18 Jan, 2023 | 14:25h | UTC

Consensus statement on the use of a four-month treatment regimen for drug susceptible tuberculosis in children (< 10 years of age) with uncomplicated disease – Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

 

UK National case series of group A streptococcus pleural empyema in children: clinical and microbiological features

15 Jan, 2023 | 20:24h | UTC

National case series of group A streptococcus pleural empyema in children: clinical and microbiological features – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

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