Pediatrics – Pulmonology | Links Medicus Content Curation & Alerts in Medicine

AHA Scientific Statement: Cardiopulmonary consequences of vaping in adolescents.

23 Jun, 2022 | 13:03h | UTC

Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Vaping in Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation Research

News Release: Action needed to reduce e-cigarette use among adolescents to lower lifetime CVD risk – American Heart Association

ERS statement on pediatric long-term noninvasive respiratory support.

21 Jun, 2022 | 10:56h | UTC

ERS statement on paediatric long-term noninvasive respiratory support – European Respiratory Journal

#CCR22 – RCT: High-flow nasal cannula therapy met criteria for noninferiority compared to CPAP for the liberation from respiratory support in acutely ill children in the ICU.

16 Jun, 2022 | 11:10h | UTC

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Acutely Ill Children Admitted to Pediatric Critical Care Units: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Commentary on Twitter

Among acutely ill children clinically assessed to require noninvasive respiratory support in a pediatric critical care unit, HFNC met the criterion for noninferiority compared with CPAP for time to liberation from respiratory support. https://t.co/WvU2fKLDOJ #CCR22

— JAMA (@JAMA_current) June 16, 2022

RCT: Effect of point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens on antibiotic use in children.

10 Jun, 2022 | 11:16h | UTC

Effect of Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Pathogens on Antibiotic Use in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary on Twitter

In a randomized controlled trial of 1243 children, point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens did not reduce antibiotic consumption in acutely ill children. https://t.co/KnD4zRx2bf

— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) June 9, 2022

RCT: The effect of azithromycin on structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis.

7 Jun, 2022 | 11:29h | UTC

The effect of azithromycin on structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis (COMBAT CF): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial – The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Systematic Review: Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalized infants and children.

7 Jun, 2022 | 11:17h | UTC

Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children – Cochrane Library

Summary: Positioning for hospitalised infants and children with acute respiratory distress

M-A: Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children.

1 Jun, 2022 | 10:57h | UTC

Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary on Twitter

#Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in community-acquired #pneumonia among #children of all ages and geographical regions. Most common viruses were #RSV (23%) and #rhinovirus (22%) in the pre-COVID years

New Research by @MejbahBhuiyan & team: https://t.co/4ph2Isotcu

— The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (@LancetChildAdol) May 31, 2022

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019.

27 May, 2022 | 12:15h | UTC

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis – The Lancet

Commentaries:

Need for improved global measurement of early childhood respiratory syncytial virus disease – The Lancet (free registration required)

RSV kills 100,000 kids under age 5 a year worldwide – CHEST Physician

Systematic Review: Airway complications resulting from pediatric esophageal button battery impaction.

27 May, 2022 | 11:49h | UTC

Airway Complications Resulting From Pediatric Esophageal Button Battery Impaction: A Systematic Review – JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (free for a limited period)

Invited Commentary: Pediatric Button Battery Injuries—Current State and What’s Next? – JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

Modeling Study: 20% of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases in children could be averted by household testing and treatment.

25 May, 2022 | 10:44h | UTC

News Release: 20% of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases in children could be averted by household testing and treatment – London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Original Study: The global impact of household contact management for children on multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases, deaths, and health-system costs in 2019: a modelling study – The Lancet Global Health

Invited Commentary: Investing in drug-resistant tuberculosis household contact management and preventive treatment – The Lancet Global Health

Study Commentary | Antibiotics for pediatric pneumonia: might less be enough?

17 May, 2022 | 10:39h | UTC

Antibiotics for Pediatric Pneumonia: Might Less Be Enough? – Annals of Emergency Medicine

Original Study: Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA

Extended Versus Standard Antibiotic Course Duration in Children <5 Years of Age Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia in High-risk Settings: Four-week Outcomes of a Multicenter, Double-blind, Parallel, Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial – The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Short- vs Standard-Course Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: The SCOUT-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians – Annals of Internal Medicine

Short-Course Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The SAFER Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Treatment of UTIs in Infants <2 Months: A Living Systematic Review – Hospital Pediatrics

Effect of 7 vs 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy on Resolution of Symptoms Among Afebrile Men With Urinary Tract Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA

Seven versus fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

Efficacy of short-course antibiotic treatments for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer.

12 May, 2022 | 07:54h | UTC

Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer – European Respiratory Review

Preventing asthma deaths in school children: 3 things to know.

4 May, 2022 | 10:59h | UTC

Preventing asthma deaths in school children: 3 things to know – Evidently Cochrane

Review: Mechanical ventilation in pediatric and neonatal patients.

4 May, 2022 | 10:29h | UTC

Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric and Neonatal Patients – Frontiers in Physiology

RCT: Nasal high-flow therapy during neonatal endotracheal intubation.

28 Apr, 2022 | 08:07h | UTC

Nasal High-Flow Therapy during Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Successful Intubations Up With Nasal High-Flow Therapy in Neonates – HealthDay

Commentary on Twitter

Nasal high-flow therapy during neonatal endotracheal intubation increased the likelihood of successful intubation on the first attempt without physiological instability. https://t.co/JWRgtAcoAN pic.twitter.com/EQdFW6pojF

— NEJM (@NEJM) April 27, 2022

RCT: Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation vs. nasal continuous positive airway pressure vs. nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation as postextubation support for preterm neonates.

27 Apr, 2022 | 07:59h | UTC

Noninvasive High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation vs Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation as Postextubation Support for Preterm Neonates in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Commentaries on Twitter

In this randomized clinical trial, NHFOV and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in neonates provided a small advantage of reduced need for invasive respiratory support when used from extubation and until discharge. https://t.co/qCtNP8Gwj9

— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) April 25, 2022

A RCT in @JAMAPediatrics evaluates total duration of mechanical ventilation, need for reintubation, and ventilator-free days after extubation to either NHFOV, NCPAP or NIPPV. https://t.co/krwwMv2Hbr #EBNEOalerts #neoEBM #neotwitter pic.twitter.com/uenwdlZfO4

— Evidence-Based Neo (@EBNEO) April 27, 2022

Systematic Review: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children.

20 Apr, 2022 | 09:02h | UTC

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children – Cochrane Library

Summary: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute bronchiolitis in children – Cochrane Library

Study showed low rates of severe COVID-19 in children hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

14 Apr, 2022 | 08:49h | UTC

Very low rates of severe COVID-19 in children hospitalised with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in London, England – Journal of Infection

Commentary: Severe COVID-19 extremely rare among children – News Medical

[Preprint] Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany – “overall hospitalization rate associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.9 per 10,000 children, ICU admission rate was 1.7 per 10,000 and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000”.

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – “In total, 99.995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

Editorial: COVID-19 vaccines for children – “Although it is true that most children experience asymptomatic or mild disease, some will get quite sick, and a small number will die. It’s why children are vaccinated against influenza, meningitis, chickenpox, and hepatitis”.

COVID-19 disease severity in children infected with the Omicron variant.

Risk factors for PICU admission and death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in England during the first pandemic year.

Study identifies risk factors for severe CoviD-19 in children.

A nationwide cohort study in Denmark showed Long Covid in children is rare and mainly of short duration.

International study identifies predictors of severe outcomes in children with COVID-19.

RCT: In critically ill children requiring noninvasive respiratory support following extubation, high-flow nasal cannula therapy was NOT noninferior to CPAP, resulting in increased time to liberation from respiratory support.

8 Apr, 2022 | 11:07h | UTC

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Following Extubation on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Critically Ill Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Editorial: Selecting Intermediate Respiratory Support Following Extubation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit – JAMA (free for a limited period)

News Release: Trial identifies most effective breathing support for children in intensive care – Imperial College London

Commentary on Twitter

In this study, among critically ill children requiring noninvasive respiratory support following extubation, HFNC vs CPAP failed to meet the criterion for noninferiority for time to liberation from respiratory support. https://t.co/X1lNAO28le #CCR pic.twitter.com/XBnUpsqUNq

— JAMA (@JAMA_current) April 7, 2022