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Antibiotic Stewardship

RCT | Fecal microbiota transplantation better than standard of care for first or second Clostridioides difficile infection.

26 Sep, 2022 | 12:08h | UTC

Faecal microbiota transplantation for first or second Clostridioides difficile infection (EarlyFMT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial – The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: New FMT Trial Halted Due to Effectiveness – HCP Live

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

M-A | Antibiotics vs. no treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in residents of aged care facilities.

26 Sep, 2022 | 12:06h | UTC

Antibiotics versus no treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in residents of aged care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis – British Journal of General Practice

Related:

USPSTF Recommendation Statement: Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults

Most doctors still believe in prescribing unnecessary antibiotics to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria, study suggests.

Randomized trial: Antibiotics vs. no therapy in kidney transplant recipients with asymptomatic bacteriuria

 

Brief Review | Source control in the management of sepsis and septic shock.

20 Sep, 2022 | 13:32h | UTC

Source control in the management of sepsis and septic shock – Intensive Care Medicine (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Multiple doses of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics are no better than a single dose in implant-based breast reconstruction.

19 Sep, 2022 | 12:48h | UTC

Effectiveness of Single vs Multiple Doses of Prophylactic Intravenous Antibiotics in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Among neonates with probable bacterial infection, switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid) was noninferior to a full course of intravenous antibiotics and resulted in shorter hospitalization (median duration of 3.4 vs. 6.8 days).

16 Sep, 2022 | 12:59h | UTC

Efficacy and safety of switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid) versus a full course of intravenous antibiotics in neonates with probable bacterial infection (RAIN): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Dutch team devise less painful ‘drip and drink’ antibiotics treatment for babies – Dutch News

 

Commentaries on Twitter

(Thread – click for more)

 

RCT | Effect of different itraconazole dosing regimens on cure rates, treatment duration, safety, and relapse rates in adult patients with tinea corporis/cruris.

15 Sep, 2022 | 13:10h | UTC

Effect of Different Itraconazole Dosing Regimens on Cure Rates, Treatment Duration, Safety, and Relapse Rates in Adult Patients With Tinea Corporis/Cruris: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Dermatology (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Study reveals the risk factors associated with infection following operative vaginal birth.

15 Sep, 2022 | 13:02h | UTC

Factors associated with infection following operative vaginal birth – a secondary analysis of the ANODE randomized controlled trial – American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

 

M-A of randomized trials | In patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, corticosteroids reduce the need for mechanical ventilation without significant effects on mortality, treatment failure, or adverse events.

14 Sep, 2022 | 13:16h | UTC

Effect of corticosteroids on mortality and clinical cure in community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized control trials – CHEST Journal (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Related: Corticosteroids for CAP, influenza and COVID-19: when, how and benefits or harm? – European Respiratory Review

 

M-A | Antibiotic use in ambulatory care for acutely ill children in high-income countries.

14 Sep, 2022 | 13:10h | UTC

Antibiotic use in ambulatory care for acutely ill children in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis – Archives of Disease in Childhood

 

Retrospective Cohort Study | Outcomes of partial oral antibiotic treatment for complicated S. aureus bacteremia in people who inject drugs.

13 Sep, 2022 | 13:09h | UTC

Outcomes of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Complicated S. aureus Bacteremia in People Who Inject Drugs – Clinical Infectious Diseases (free PDF for a limited period)

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

Review | Acute pancreatitis: diagnosis and treatment.

13 Sep, 2022 | 13:04h | UTC

Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment – Drugs

Commentaries:

Revised Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association for Acute Pancreatitis – Gut and Liver

Guidelines for the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, 2021 – Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine

Evidence-Based Disposition of Acute Pancreatitis – emDocs

2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis – World Journal of Emergency Surgery

American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

 

RCT | Sulopenem vs. Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women.

13 Sep, 2022 | 13:00h | UTC

Sulopenem or Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Phase 3 Randomized Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

Related: Sulopenem For The Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Including Pyelonephritis: A Phase 3 Randomized Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

 

Guideline Summary | Management of patients with suspected or confirmed antibiotic allergy.

8 Sep, 2022 | 14:42h | UTC

Management of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Antibiotic Allergy. Executive Summary of Guidance from the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC), the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Intensive Medicine and Coronary Care Units (SEMICYUC) – Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology (PDF)

Related:

The prevalence of penicillin allergy labeling ranged from 0.9% to 10.2% across practices in a large pediatric cohort, raising questions regarding the validity of those labels and the unnecessary use of second-line antibiotics that may follow.

The prevalence of penicillin allergy labeling ranged from 0.9% to 10.2% across practices in a large pediatric cohort, raising questions regarding the validity of those labels and the unnecessary use of second-line antibiotics that may follow.

M-A: Most patients with allergy to Penicillin can be given Cefazolin

Systematic review: Safety and efficacy of de-labelling penicillin allergy in adults using direct oral challenge

Penicillin allergy labels increase second-line broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for pediatric respiratory tract infections

Podcast: A Clinical Pharmacologist’s Perspective on Penicillin Allergy

Study: Development and Validation of a Penicillin Allergy Clinical Decision Rule

Management of a surgical patient with a label of penicillin allergy: narrative review and consensus recommendations – British Journal of Anaesthesia

NICE: Double Check Patients with ‘Penicillin Allergy’ to Avoid Increased MRSA Risk

Cohort Study: Risk of Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Clostridium Difficile in Patients with a Documented Penicillin Allergy

 

RCT | Sulopenem (it has both IV and oral formulations) did not meet the criteria for noninferiority compared to Ertapenen for treating complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis.

8 Sep, 2022 | 14:37h | UTC

Sulopenem For The Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Including Pyelonephritis: A Phase 3 Randomized Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

 

Pediatric infective endocarditis: a literature review.

8 Sep, 2022 | 14:31h | UTC

Pediatric Infective Endocarditis: A Literature Review – Journal of Clinical Medicine

 

Systematic Review | Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections.

6 Sep, 2022 | 14:40h | UTC

Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections – Cochrane Library

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Practice update to optimize the performance and interpretation of blood cultures.

6 Sep, 2022 | 14:31h | UTC

Practice update to optimize the performance and interpretation of blood cultures – South African Medical Journal

 

RCT | Maintaining continuous endotracheal cuff pressure control through an automated electronic device did not reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated respiratory infection.

5 Sep, 2022 | 14:25h | UTC

Effectiveness of Continuous Endotracheal Cuff Pressure Control for the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Respiratory Infections: An Open-Label Randomized, Controlled Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

 

Systematic Review | Antifungal therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis.

5 Sep, 2022 | 14:15h | UTC

Antifungal therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis – Cochrane Library

Summary: Treatments to fight fungal infections that cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis – Cochrane Library

 

AHA Scientific Statement | Management of infective endocarditis in people who inject drugs.

1 Sep, 2022 | 12:00h | UTC

Management of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation

News Release: Addiction management is key to treating heart infection in people who inject drugs – American Heart Association

Top Things to Know: Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs – American Heart Association

Video: Management of Infective Endocarditis in People who Inject Drugs – American Heart Association

Commentaries:

Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: A Call for Patient-Centered, Multidisciplinary Care – American Heart Association

AHA Addresses Infective Endocarditis in Injection Drug Users – HealthDay

Related: Management of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs – American College of Cardiology (the original article is paywalled but has an informative infographic)

 

Study Commentary | Zinc for the prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections: a new systematic review.

1 Sep, 2022 | 11:46h | UTC

Zinc for the prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections: A new systematic review – Science-Based Medicine

Original Study: M-A: Zinc might help to stave off respiratory infection symptoms and cut illness duration – “But quality of evidence variable, and no clarity on optimal formulation or dose”.

 

Study shows dentists should give antibiotics to high-risk patients to help prevent infectious endocarditis.

1 Sep, 2022 | 11:43h | UTC

News Release: Dentists should give antibiotics to high-risk patients to help prevent life-threatening heart infection – The University of Sheffield

Original Study: Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis Before Invasive Dental Procedures – Journal of the American College of Cardiology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: UK dentists should give antibiotics to patients at risk of heart infection – study – The Guardian

 

Meta-analysis of randomized trials | Antibiotic therapy vs. appendicectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis.

1 Sep, 2022 | 11:40h | UTC

Randomized clinical trials comparing antibiotic therapy with appendicectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis – BJS Open

Related:

Nonoperative vs Operative Management of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – JAMA Surgery

Efficacy and Safety of Non-Operative Management of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis Compared to Appendectomy: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – World Journal of Surgery

Cohort Study: Patient factors associated with appendectomy within 30 days of initiating antibiotic treatment for appendicitis – the presence of an appendicolith was associated with a nearly 2-fold increased risk of undergoing appendectomy within 30 days.

Review: Diagnosis of uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis in adults.

Another RCT evaluating the efficacy and quality of life of antibiotic-only treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis.

A Randomized trial comparing antibiotics with appendectomy for appendicitis

Antibiotics alone for uncomplicated appendicitis: Oral Moxifloxacin almost as good as intravenous Ertapenem + oral Levofloxacin

Observational study: 67.1% success rate with nonoperative management of children with uncomplicated appendicitis

Randomized Trial: Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction at 7-Year Follow-up of Antibiotic Therapy vs. Appendectomy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis

Meta-Analysis: Antibiotic Treatment vs. Appendectomy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Adults and Children

Nonoperative treatment for nonperforated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis – Pediatric Surgery International

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Meta-analysis of randomized trials | Efficacy and safety of Plazomicin in the treatment of Enterobacterales infections.

31 Aug, 2022 | 11:39h | UTC

Efficacy and safety of plazomicin in the treatment of Enterobacterales infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials – Open Forum Infectious Diseases

 

M-A | Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum.

29 Aug, 2022 | 12:06h | UTC

Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum: a systematic review and meta-analysis – BMJ Open

 

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