Pediatrics – Infectious Diseases | Links Medicus Content Curation & Alerts in Medicine

In children with acute sinusitis, antibiotic treatment had minimal benefit for those without nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens. The antibiotic effect did not depend on the color of nasal discharge. https://t.co/hgRx1Qou53 pic.twitter.com/zYs8Mfbjjp

— JAMA (@JAMA_current) July 26, 2023

Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its etiologies, 1990–2019

25 Jul, 2023 | 13:55h | UTC

Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 – The Lancet Neurology

Commentary on Twitter

Although largely preventable, meningitis still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year.

New @IHME_UW #GBDStudy in @TheLancetNeuro assesses incident cases and deaths due to acute infectious meningitis by aetiology and age from 1990–2019. https://t.co/S3KtMA7DMs pic.twitter.com/AYuSJHsNwK

— The Lancet (@TheLancet) July 20, 2023

M-A | Exposure to smoke, overcrowding, poor living conditions, and contact with TB cases identified as risk conditions for pediatric TB

24 Jul, 2023 | 12:43h | UTC

Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis – European Journal of Pediatrics

Phase 2 Trial | Maternal GBS6 vaccine shows promise in infant group B strep prevention

21 Jul, 2023 | 13:34h | UTC

Potential for Maternally Administered Vaccine for Infant Group B Streptococcus – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentary: Maternal strep B vaccine slashes risk of infection among infants – CIDRAP

Cohort Study| Childhood development delayed by 4.39 months due to COVID-19 pandemic

13 Jul, 2023 | 13:11h | UTC

Association Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Childhood Development – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Studies describe pandemic’s lasting influence on children – CIDRAP

Global Burden of Disease Study | Understanding global trends of infectious diseases in younger population, 1990-2019

10 Jul, 2023 | 13:54h | UTC

The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 – The Lancet

News Release: Global efforts to reduce infectious diseases must extend beyond early childhood – Murdoch Children’s Research Institute

Commentary: Global infectious disease burden shifting from younger to older youth – CIDRAP

RCT | Lower rates of treatment failure with standard-course vs. short-course therapy in pediatric UTIs

5 Jul, 2023 | 01:09h | UTC

Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children: The SCOUT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

See also: Visual Abstract

Commentary: Treatment Failure Down With Standard-Course Therapy in Pediatric UTI – HealthDay

Cluster RCT | Point-of-care CRP testing cuts antibiotic prescriptions in respiratory illnesses in primary care

1 Jun, 2023 | 11:58h | UTC

Implementation of point-of-care testing of C-reactive protein concentrations to improve antibiotic targeting in respiratory illness in Vietnamese primary care: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Commentary: Use of CRP testing reduced antibiotics for respiratory infections, trial finds – CIDRAP

Review | Invasive mold infections in children: navigating troubled waters with a broken compass

31 May, 2023 | 14:05h | UTC

Invasive Mold Infections in Children: Navigating Troubled Waters with a Broken Compass – Infectious Diseases and Therapy

M-A | Shorter vs. longer-term antibiotic treatments for community-acquired pneumonia in children

31 May, 2023 | 13:42h | UTC

Shorter Versus Longer-term Antibiotic Treatments for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: A Meta-analysis – Pediatrics (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Meta-analysis supports shorter antibiotic courses for kids’ pneumonia – CIDRAP

Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians – Annals of Internal Medicine

Efficacy of short-course antibiotic treatments for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics

Short- vs Standard-Course Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: The SCOUT-CAP Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Short-Course Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The SAFER Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA

SR | Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in children

25 May, 2023 | 11:15h | UTC

Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in children – Cochrane Library

Summary: Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for severely dehydrated children with acute diarrhoea – Cochrane Library

RCT | Tonsillectomy shown to be clinically and cost-effective in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis

23 May, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC

Summary: The NATTINA trial, a pragmatic multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled study, sought to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of conservative management versus tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis. Conducted across 27 UK hospitals, 453 participants aged 16 or older were randomly assigned to either undergo immediate tonsillectomy or receive standard non-surgical care.

The main finding was that participants in the immediate tonsillectomy group had fewer days of sore throat over a 24-month period than those in the conservative management group (median 23 vs. 30 days). After adjusting for site and baseline severity, the incident rate ratio of total sore throat days in the immediate tonsillectomy group was significantly lower than in the conservative management group (0.53, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.65, p < 0.0001). The most common adverse event related to tonsillectomy was bleeding, which occurred in 19% of participants.

The NATTINA trial is the largest to date assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of tonsillectomy in adults. The results indicate that immediate tonsillectomy is clinically effective and cost-effective for recurrent acute tonsillitis. However, patients should weigh the benefits of fewer sore throat days against the risks of surgery.

Article: Conservative management versus tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis in the UK (NATTINA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial – The Lancet

News Release: Tonsillectomy both clinically and cost effective for adults – Newcastle University

Commentary on Twitter

Compared with conservative management, immediate tonsillectomy is clinically effective and cost-effective in adults with recurrent acute #tonsillitis, suggests trial. https://t.co/LvSjn6XUx0 pic.twitter.com/yKzH9RqY5J

— The Lancet (@TheLancet) May 18, 2023

Cohort Study | Long-term risk of epilepsy following invasive Group B Streptococcus disease in neonates

9 May, 2023 | 14:25h | UTC

Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark – JAMA Network Open

Podcast | Fungi fun! an in-depth look at tinea infections in children

18 Apr, 2023 | 13:14h | UTC

Fungi Fun! An In-Depth Look at Tinea Infections – The Cribsiders

Consensus Paper | Best management of patients with an acute sore throat

6 Apr, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC

Best management of patients with an acute sore throat – a critical analysis of current evidence and a consensus of experts from different countries and traditions – Infectious Diseases

Updated WHO Guidelines | COVID-19 boosters no longer routinely recommended for low-risk groups

30 Mar, 2023 | 14:33h | UTC

Summary: The WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has revised its COVID-19 vaccination roadmap in light of the Omicron variant and widespread population immunity. The revised roadmap prioritizes protecting those at the highest risk of severe disease and death while maintaining resilient health systems. It introduces cost-effectiveness considerations for vaccinating lower-risk individuals, such as healthy children and adolescents, and presents revised booster dose recommendations.

Priority groups are categorized as high, medium, and low, based on factors like risk of severe disease and death. People in the high-priority group, consisting of older adults, individuals with significant comorbidities or immunocompromising conditions, pregnant persons, and frontline health workers, are advised to receive additional boosters 6 or 12 months after the last dose. The medium priority group, which includes healthy adults without comorbidities and children with comorbidities, is recommended to receive primary series and first booster doses. However, SAGE no longer routinely recommends additional boosters for this group due to limited public health gains.

For the low-priority group, encompassing healthy children and adolescents, vaccination decisions should take into account factors such as disease prevalence and cost-effectiveness. It is important to note that the public health benefits of vaccinating healthy children and adolescents are considerably lower compared to established essential vaccines for children, like rotavirus, measles, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

News Release: SAGE updates COVID-19 vaccination guidance – World Health Organization

Commentaries:

No More COVID-19 Boosters for Healthy People, WHO Experts Recommend – Health Policy Watch

WHO vaccine advisers update COVID vaccine recommendations – CIDRAP

News Release: New Algorithms Could Improve Pediatric Tuberculosis Diagnosis – Yale School of Public Health

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

1/ Excited to share our #openaccess work in @LancetChildAdol where we evaluate existing algorithms and develop pragmatic, evidence-based algorithms to support evaluation for #pediatric pulmonary #tuberculosis

Link: https://t.co/tjDkk9xJm2

A summary ?

— Kenneth Gunasekera (@kennyguna) March 16, 2023

Pediatrics – Infectious Diseases

ERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children

Multinational Study | No correlation between Covid-19 and onset of type 1 diabetes in children

A novel comprehensive algorithm for evaluation of pediatric ICU patients with new fever or instability

Practice Guidance | Management of febrile neutropenia in immunocompetent children and youth

Study | Childhood deaths in high-mortality settings mostly preventable; infection, malnutrition top causes

RCT | Limited antibiotic efficacy in children with sinusitis lacking nasopharyngeal pathogens