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Pediatrics – Infectious Diseases

Updated recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission

15 Mar, 2023 | 15:22h | UTC

Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States – Department of Health and Human Services

Commentary: Antiretroviral Therapy During Pregnancy and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission: 2023 Recommendations – Journal Watch

 

Myocarditis or pericarditis events after BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals aged 12 to 17 years in Ontario, Canada

7 Mar, 2023 | 13:13h | UTC

Summary:

A population-based cohort study was conducted to estimate the incidence of reported myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Ontario, Canada, and to describe the clinical information associated with these events. The study analyzed data from 1.65 million doses of BNT162b2 vaccinations administered between December 14, 2020, and November 21, 2021.

According to the study, 77 adolescents were reported to have developed myocarditis or pericarditis after receiving the vaccine, and there was a greater occurrence of these events among those aged 16 to 17 years compared to those aged 12 to 15 years. Additionally, adolescents with shorter intervals between vaccine doses had a higher incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis.

Most cases of myocarditis and pericarditis were mild, and the adolescents required either no treatment or were treated conservatively with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Article: Myocarditis or Pericarditis Events After BNT162b2 Vaccination in Individuals Aged 12 to 17 Years in Ontario, Canada – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Does the incidence of reported myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination vary by age, sex, and inter-dose interval among adolescents aged 12 to 17? – News Medical

 

BTS Clinical Guidance | Prevention and management of community-acquired pneumonia in people with learning disability

6 Mar, 2023 | 14:34h | UTC

BTS Clinical Statement on the prevention and management of community-acquired pneumonia in people with learning disability – Thorax

 

Brief Review | Acute rheumatic fever: recent advances

2 Mar, 2023 | 12:41h | UTC

Acute Rheumatic Fever: Recent Advances – The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (free for a limited period)

 

Brief Review | Congenital infections: priorities and possibilities for resource-limited settings

1 Mar, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC

Congenital Infections: Priorities and Possibilities for Resource-limited Settings – The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (free for a limited period)

 

SR | Insufficient evidence to recommend Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia

28 Feb, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC

Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia – Cochrane Library

 

Cross-sectional study | Risk factors for hearing loss at birth in newborns with congenital CMV infection

28 Feb, 2023 | 13:20h | UTC

Risk Factors for Hearing Loss at Birth in Newborns With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection – JAMA Pediatrics (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Factors ID’d for Hearing Loss in Newborns With Congenital Cytomegalovirus – HealthDay

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

SR | The impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in pediatric emergency departments and primary care

24 Feb, 2023 | 13:20h | UTC

The impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in paediatric emergency departments and primary care: a systematic review – Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease

 

SR | Glucocorticoids for croup in children

23 Feb, 2023 | 13:17h | UTC

Glucocorticoids for croup in children – Cochrane Library

 

M-A | Monoclonal antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children

22 Feb, 2023 | 12:24h | UTC

Monoclonal Antibody for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Study Finds 3 Monoclonal Antibodies Reduce RSV Infections in High-Risk Infants, Children – HCP Live

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children younger than 5 years of age

17 Feb, 2023 | 13:27h | UTC

Summary: The study was a combined phase 2-3 clinical trial that aimed to determine whether the BNT162b2 vaccine was safe, could elicit an immune response and was effective in preventing COVID-19 in healthy children. The trial was conducted on children aged 6 months to 11 years, with the findings presented for the 6 months to 4 years age group. The results indicated that the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and effective in reducing the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 by 73.2% in children aged 6 months to 4 years. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and the side effects were mainly mild to moderate. The incidence of fever was similar among those who received the vaccine or a placebo.*

Article: Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 

SR | The impact of interventions to prevent neonatal healthcare-associated infections in low- and middle-income countries

16 Feb, 2023 | 14:47h | UTC

The Impact of Interventions to Prevent Neonatal Healthcare-associated Infections in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review – The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

 

SR | The impact of antimicrobial stewardship in children in low- and middle-income countries

16 Feb, 2023 | 14:46h | UTC

The Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Children in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review – The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

 

Updated child and adolescent immunization schedule, United States, 2023

13 Feb, 2023 | 13:05h | UTC

Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age – Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention

See also: Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: United States, 2023 – Pediatrics

Commentary: Immunization Schedule for Children, Teens Updated for 2023 – HealthDay

 

US infant pertussis incidence trends before and after implementation of the maternal Tdap vaccine

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:38h | UTC

US Infant Pertussis Incidence Trends Before and After Implementation of the Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Commentary: Maternal Tdap Vaccination Protects Youngest Infants From Pertussis – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review | What’s new in the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis?

10 Feb, 2023 | 13:40h | UTC

What’s new in the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis? – ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition (free for a limited period)

 

Case-control study | Effectiveness of a Meningococcal Group B vaccine (4CMenB) in children

9 Feb, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC

Effectiveness of a Meningococcal Group B Vaccine (4CMenB) in Children – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentaries:

NEJM: Effectiveness of pediatric meningococcal B vaccine – MedicalResearch.com

4CMenB Vaccination Effective Against Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Children Under 5 – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cohort Study | Outcomes of Meningococcal B disease in children after implementation of routine 4CMenB vaccination

9 Feb, 2023 | 13:57h | UTC

Outcomes of meningococcal serogroup B disease in children after implementation of routine infant 4CMenB vaccination in England: an active, prospective, national surveillance study – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Methylprednisolone vs. immunoglobulins equally effective in PIMS temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2

8 Feb, 2023 | 12:42h | UTC

Methylprednisolone versus intravenous immunoglobulins in children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): an open-label, multicentre, randomised trial – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

 

Cohort Study | Neurodevelopmental outcomes after late-onset meningitis in children born extremely preterm

7 Feb, 2023 | 13:38h | UTC

Incidence of and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late-Onset Meningitis Among Children Born Extremely Preterm – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Late-Onset Meningitis ID’d in 1 Percent of Extreme Preemies – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Update guidelines for women with HIV who are virally suppressed incorporate breastfeeding their infants as a viable option

6 Feb, 2023 | 13:40h | UTC

Update to Clinical Guidelines for Infant Feeding Supports Shared Decision Making: Clarifying Breastfeeding Guidance for People with HIV – HIV.gov

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Guideline | Diagnosis and management of otitis media with effusion in children

6 Feb, 2023 | 13:23h | UTC

Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children in Japan – 2022 update – Auris Nasus Larynx

 

AAP Policy Statement | Drinking water from private wells and risks to children

3 Feb, 2023 | 14:08h | UTC

Policy Statement: Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks to Children – Pediatrics

Technical Report: Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks to Children – Pediatrics

 

Assessment of COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death among children and young people aged 0 to 19 years in the US

1 Feb, 2023 | 13:36h | UTC

Assessment of COVID-19 as the Underlying Cause of Death Among Children and Young People Aged 0 to 19 Years in the US – JAMA Network Open

News Release: COVID-19 is a leading cause of death in children and young people in the US – University of Oxford

Commentary: Expert reaction to study looking at children in the US aged 0 to 19 years whose underlying cause of death was COVID-19 – Science Media Centre

Related:

[Preprint] Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany – “overall hospitalization rate associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.9 per 10,000 children, ICU admission rate was 1.7 per 10,000 and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000”.

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – “In total, 99.995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

 

RCT | Assessment of infant position and timing of stylet removal to improve lumbar puncture success in neonates

31 Jan, 2023 | 14:07h | UTC

Assessment of infant position and timing of stylet removal to improve lumbar puncture success in neonates (NeoCLEAR): an open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised, controlled trial – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

News Release: Lumbar punctures in newborn babies are more successful when performed in sitting position – Oxford Population Health

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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