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Preventive Cardiology

AHA Scientific Statement | Contaminant metals as cardiovascular risk factors

13 Jun, 2023 | 14:04h | UTC

Contaminant metals as cardiovascular risk factors: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association – Journal of the American Heart Association

News Release: Chronic exposure to lead, cadmium and arsenic increases risk of cardiovascular disease – American Heart Association

Top Things to Know: Contaminant Metals as CV Risk Factors – American Heart Association

Commentary: Toxic Metals: The Poisons that are “Killing Us Softly” – American Heart Association

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


M-A | Plant-based diets reduce key atherogenic lipoproteins

30 May, 2023 | 11:48h | UTC

Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials – European Heart Journal

Editorial: Plant-based dietary patterns and atherogenic lipoproteins – European Heart Journal

 


M-A | Mediterranean & low-fat diets may reduce mortality and non-fatal MI in patients with high cardiovascular risk

3 Apr, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC

Summary: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to determine the relative efficacy of different diets for preventing mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study identified 40 randomized trials with 35,548 participants across seven dietary programs.

Moderate certainty evidence showed that Mediterranean and low-fat diets, with or without physical activity or other interventions, reduced all-cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction in patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Mediterranean diet programs were also likely to reduce stroke risk.

Other dietary programs generally were not superior to minimal intervention. When compared with one another, no convincing evidence was found that the Mediterranean diet was superior to the low-fat diets in preventing mortality or non-fatal myocardial infarction.

Article: Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis – The BMJ

News Release: Benefits of Mediterranean and low fat diet programmes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease – BMJ Newsroom

Commentary: Mediterranean, Low-Fat Diets Both Good for Health: Network Meta-analysis – TCTMD

 


Consensus Statement | Promotion of healthy nutrition in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention

28 Mar, 2023 | 14:50h | UTC

Promotion of healthy nutrition in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention: a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology – European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


M-A | Ionizing radiation and cardiovascular disease

14 Mar, 2023 | 13:49h | UTC

Ionising radiation and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis – The BMJ

News Release: Low dose radiation linked to increased lifetime risk of heart disease – BMJ Newsroom

 


WHO urges countries to implement comprehensive sodium reduction policies to combat cardiovascular disease

10 Mar, 2023 | 14:43h | UTC

Summary:

A new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that the world needs to catch up to achieve its global target of reducing sodium intake by 30% by 2025. The report highlights that only 5% of WHO member states have mandatory and comprehensive sodium reduction policies.

Sodium, found in table salt and other condiments, increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and premature death when eaten in excess. Implementing highly cost-effective sodium reduction policies could save an estimated seven million lives globally by 2030.

WHO suggests a number of policies, such as reducing the amount of sodium in food products, introducing front-of-pack labeling, launching mass media campaigns, and enforcing public policies related to food service and sales.

The report urges member states to implement sodium intake reduction policies without delay, and calls on food manufacturers to set ambitious targets for sodium reduction in their products.

Article: WHO global report on sodium intake reduction – World Health Organization

News Release: Massive efforts needed to reduce salt intake and protect lives – World Health Organization

Related:

Reducing daily salt intake in China by 1 g could prevent almost 9 million cardiovascular events by 2030: a modelling study – BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health

Adding salt to foods and hazard of premature mortality – European Heart Journal

New WHO benchmarks help countries reduce salt intake and save lives – World Health Organization

WHO global sodium benchmarks for different food categories – World Health Organization

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


WHO Meta-Analysis | Saturated fat and trans-fat intakes and their replacement with other macronutrients

9 Mar, 2023 | 14:24h | UTC

Saturated fat and trans-fat intakes and their replacement with other macronutrients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies – World Health Organization

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


RCT | Bempedoic acid shows modest reduction in cardiovascular events for statin-intolerant patients

8 Mar, 2023 | 14:39h | UTC

Summary:

Bempedoic acid is an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor that reduces LDL cholesterol levels and is associated with a low incidence of muscle-related adverse events. The study enrolled 13,970 patients at increased cardiovascular risk, with 6,992 randomized to bempedoic acid and 6,978 randomized to placebo, with a median duration of follow-up of 40.6 months.

The study found that bempedoic acid was associated with a statistically significant 13% reduction in the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events, which included death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or coronary revascularization. However, the absolute risk reduction of events was modest, at 1.6% over nearly four years.

The study also reported higher incidences of gout and cholelithiasis with bempedoic acid compared to placebo, as well as small increases in serum creatinine, uric acid, and hepatic-enzyme levels.

Article: Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant Patients – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

CLEAR Positives and Cautions With Bempedoic Acid for Statin Intolerance – Medscape (recommended reading – free registration required)

Cardiovascular Outcomes After “Statin-Intolerant” Patients Take Bempedoic Acid – NEJM Journal Watch (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


M-A | Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes

8 Mar, 2023 | 14:33h | UTC

Summary:

The study aimed to determine the association between non-occupational physical activity and chronic disease and mortality outcomes in the general adult population. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 196 articles covering 94 cohorts and over 30 million participants.

The results showed that higher activity levels were associated with a lower risk of all outcomes. The strongest associations were observed for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, with weaker associations for cancer incidence.

The study also found that appreciable population health benefits could be gained from increasing physical activity levels of people who are inactive to just half the current health recommendations; doing that could prevent one in 10 premature deaths.

The findings support the current physical activity recommendations and suggest that even small increases in non-occupational physical activity in inactive adults can provide substantial protection against chronic disease outcomes.

It’s worth noting, however, that this study has the usual limitations of observational studies since all the included studies are cohort studies. Therefore, the results are subject to residual confounding, meaning that other factors not measured or accounted for in the studies could influence the observed associations.

Article: Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose–response meta-analysis of large prospective studies – British Journal of Sports Medicine

News Releases:

One in ten early deaths could be prevented if everyone managed at least half the recommended level of physical activity, say a team led by researchers at the University of Cambridge

1 in 10 early deaths averted if everyone met physical activity targets – BMJ Newsroom

 


M-A | Long-term consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality

7 Mar, 2023 | 12:58h | UTC

Summary:

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 prospective cohort studies evaluated the association between the consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality.

The researchers found that a long-term high intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and nuts was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality, while a high intake of red/processed meat was associated with increased risk. On the other hand, the consumption of dairy products and legumes did not show a significant association with cardiovascular risk.

The researchers acknowledge the limitations of observational studies and the need for further research on the long-term effects of specific food groups on cardiovascular mortality.

Article: Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies – Advances in Nutrition

 


Artificial sweetener erythritol possibly implicated in increased cardiovascular risk

1 Mar, 2023 | 14:08h | UTC

Summary: A recent study published in Nature Medicine found that erythritol, a popular artificial sweetener, is possibly implicated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as heart attack and stroke. Analyzing data from over 4,000 people in the US and Europe, the researchers found that those with higher blood erythritol levels were at a greater risk of MACE. The researchers also examined the effects of adding erythritol to whole blood or isolated platelets and found that it made platelets easier to activate and form clots. In addition, a pilot intervention study with healthy volunteers showed that erythritol ingestion led to a marked and sustained increase in plasma erythritol levels above those associated with heightened platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential. The authors note that further studies are needed to confirm their findings and assess the long-term safety of erythritol.

Article: The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event risk – Nature Medicine (free for a limited period)

News Release: Cleveland Clinic study finds common artificial sweetener linked to higher rates of heart attack and stroke

Commentaries:

Zero-calorie sweetener linked to heart attack and stroke, study finds – CNN

Could a Common Sweetener Raise Heart Risks? – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


M-A | Consumption of whole vs. refined grains and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

20 Feb, 2023 | 12:23h | UTC

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies found that consuming whole grains was associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality, while consuming refined grains had no significant influence on these outcomes. Residual confounding can’t be excluded and the association found does not necessarily imply causation.

Article: Consumption of whole grains and refined grains and associated risk of cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies – American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Related: Cohort Study | Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk

 


M-A | Aspirin with or without statin in individuals without atherosclerotic CVD across risk categories

17 Feb, 2023 | 13:22h | UTC

Summary: This meta-analysis examined the effects of aspirin in adults without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), stratified by statin use across different ASCVD risks. The analysis found that aspirin reduced myocardial infarction but increased major bleeding, and was not associated with total or cardiovascular survival benefits. In adults without ASCVD, concomitant statin appeared to significantly reduce absolute risk reduction for MI associated with aspirin without influencing bleeding risk. The study highlights that the risk-benefit equilibrium may be tilted towards more harm for primary prevention, and that the expected absolute risk of major bleeding exceeds absolute MI benefits by aspirin for every level of ASCVD risk. The findings have implications for the use of aspirin in those already on statin therapy for primary ASCVD prevention.*

Article: Aspirin With or Without Statin in Individuals Without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Across Risk Categories – JACC: Advances

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 


AHA Statement | Optimizing prepregnancy cardiovascular health improves outcomes for pregnant women, offspring

15 Feb, 2023 | 16:14h | UTC

Summary: This statement highlights the need to optimize cardiovascular health before pregnancy to reduce the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular disease in mothers and children. It emphasizes the role of clinicians in promoting early cardiovascular health, clinical trials to investigate interventions, and the use of a life course framework to monitor health. By targeting cardiovascular health before pregnancy, interventions can improve health outcomes across generations.*

Article: Optimizing Prepregnancy Cardiovascular Health to Improve Outcomes in Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals and Offspring: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation

News Release: Does risk for heart disease start before birth? – American Heart Association

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 


Updated Guideline | Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:47h | UTC

Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

Related Guidelines:

USPSTF Recommendation Statement | Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease – Circulation

#ESCCongress – 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

#ESCCongress – 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice.

Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology – 2019 – Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE) guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care: 2018 update – Canadian Medical Association Journal

 


Abbreviated lipid guidelines for clinical practice

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:46h | UTC

Abbreviated lipid guidelines for clinical practice : Based on ESC lipid guidelines 2019 and ESC cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice guidelines 2021 – Irish Journal of Medical Science

Original Guidelines

#ESCCongress – 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

#ESCCongress – 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice.

Related:

Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

USPSTF Recommendation Statement | Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease – Circulation

Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology – 2019 – Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE) guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care: 2018 update – Canadian Medical Association Journal

 


Machine learning-based marker for coronary artery disease: derivation and validation in two longitudinal cohorts

8 Feb, 2023 | 12:14h | UTC

Machine learning-based marker for coronary artery disease: derivation and validation in two longitudinal cohorts – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: Digital marker for coronary artery disease built by researchers at Mount Sinai

Commentary: Machine learning used to generate a new holistic model for coronary artery disease – News Medical

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 


M-A | Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD

1 Feb, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Pharmacology

 


WHO | Five billion people unprotected from trans-fat leading to heart disease

24 Jan, 2023 | 14:44h | UTC

News Release: Five billion people unprotected from trans fat leading to heart disease – World Health Organization

Report: Countdown to 2023: WHO report on global trans-fat elimination 2022 – World Health Organization

Commentary: Five Billion People Exposed to Industrially Produced Trans Fats – Health Policy Watch

Related:

Brazil and Peru join growing number of countries in the Americas that are eliminating industrially produced trans fats – Pan American Health Association / World Health Organization

WHO: More than 3 billion people protected from harmful trans-fat in their food

Action Package: WHO Plan to Eliminate Trans-fatty Acids from Global Food Supply

WHO Draft Guideline: Saturated Fatty Acid and Trans-fatty Intake for Adults and Children

Banning trans fats in New York prevented thousands of heart attacks

 


Review | Cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

23 Jan, 2023 | 13:18h | UTC

Cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 and type 2 diabetes – Diabetologia

 

Commentary on Twitter

Article under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. License

 


M-A | Prospective association of daily steps with cardiovascular disease

10 Jan, 2023 | 14:29h | UTC

Prospective Association of Daily Steps With Cardiovascular Disease: A Harmonized Meta-Analysis – Circulation (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries: 

CVD Benefits of Activity Seen Below Widely Quoted Step Goal in Older Adults – TCTMD

Heart health tip for older adults in 2023: Step it up a bit – University of Massachusetts Amherst

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


RCT | Chlorthalidone (12.5-25 mg) and Hydrochlorothiazide (25-50 mg) are similarly effective for the prevention of CVD in hypertensive patients.

16 Dec, 2022 | 13:49h | UTC

Chlorthalidone vs. Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension–Cardiovascular Events – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: ‘Burden-free’ study method finds two blood pressure drugs equally effective – Veterans Affairs Research Communications

Related (news release and commentaries before publication): RCT | Chlortalidone and Hydrochlorothiazide resulted in similar reductions of CVD in older patients with hypertension.

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Cohort Study | Association of the triglyceride glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance with mortality and CVD

9 Jan, 2023 | 13:42h | UTC

Association of the triglyceride glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance with mortality and cardiovascular disease in populations from five continents (PURE study): a prospective cohort study – The Lancet Health Longevity

Invited Commentary: The triglyceride glucose index and cardiovascular disease outcomes – The Lancet Health Longevity

 


Cohort Study | Lipoprotein(a) in youth and prediction of major cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood.

9 Dec, 2022 | 13:11h | UTC

Lipoprotein(a) in Youth and Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adulthood – Circulation

Commentary: Lp(a) in Youth and Risk of ASCVD Outcomes in Adulthood – American College of Cardiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Cohort Study | Adding salt to foods linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

6 Dec, 2022 | 14:04h | UTC

Adding Salt to Foods and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease – Journal of the American College of Cardiology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: Shaking less salt on your food at the table could reduce heart disease risk – American College of Cardiology

Commentaries:

Adding Salt to Food and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease – American College of Cardiology

Lower Frequency of Adding Salt to Food Linked to Lower CVD Risk – HealthDay

 


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