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Lipids

Coffee consumption vs. caffeine avoidance: cardiac ectopy, daily steps, and sleep impacts

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC

Summary: A prospective, randomized, case-crossover trial studied the acute health effects of caffeinated coffee consumption in 100 ambulatory adults.

Participants were monitored using continuous electrocardiogram devices, wrist-mounted accelerometers, and ongoing glucose monitoring systems for 14 days. They received daily text messages instructing them to either consume caffeinated coffee or abstain from caffeine.

The primary outcome was the mean number of daily premature atrial contractions. Results indicated that caffeinated coffee consumption didn’t lead to significantly more daily premature atrial contractions compared to caffeine avoidance. However, it was associated with a higher number of daily premature ventricular contractions, increased daily steps, and reduced nightly sleep.

Article: Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health among Ambulatory Adults – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

What to know about new research on coffee and heart risks – Associated Press

CRAVE Trials Offers Most Comprehensive Overview Yet of Impact of Coffee, Caffeine Intake – HCP Live

Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health – American College of Cardiology

 


Dissecting coffee’s impact: high consumption lowers blood pressure, raises LDL-cholesterol

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:25h | UTC

Coffee consumption and associations with blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and echocardiographic measures in the general population – Scientific Reports

 


M-A | Effects of dairy intake on markers of cardio-metabolic health in adults

23 Mar, 2023 | 12:35h | UTC

Effects of dairy intake on markers of cardio-metabolic health in adults – a systematic review with network meta-analysis – Advances in Nutrition

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Phase 2b RCT | New oral PCSK9 inhibitor reduces LDL cholesterol by 40% to 60%

22 Mar, 2023 | 13:20h | UTC

Efficacy and safety of the oral PCSK9 inhibitor MK-0616: a phase 2b randomized controlled trial – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Commentary: Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor Reduces LDL Cholesterol in Phase IIb Study – TCTMD

 


Study shows inflammation is a stronger predictor of CV events than cholesterol in patients receiving statin therapy

20 Mar, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC

Inflammation and cholesterol as predictors of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy: a collaborative analysis of three randomised trials – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: Study finds residual inflammation after statin therapy strongly predicted cardiovascular events, death – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Commentaries:

Inflammation and Cholesterol as Predictors of CV Events With Statin Therapy – American College of Cardiology

CRP More Predictive of Future Events Than LDL in Statin-Treated Patients – TCTMD

 


The global burden of metabolic disease: data from 2000 to 2019

13 Mar, 2023 | 14:39h | UTC

The global burden of metabolic disease: Data from 2000 to 2019 – Cell Metabolism (free for a limited period)

 


RCT | Treat-to-target strategy is noninferior to high-intensity statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease

10 Mar, 2023 | 14:44h | UTC

Summary: This randomized, multicenter, noninferiority trial in South Korea enrolled 4,400 patients with known coronary artery disease. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a treat-to-target group and a high-intensity statin group.

The treat-to-target group received moderate or high-intensity statins and titrated their medication to achieve an LDL-C goal of 50-70 mg/dL, while the high-intensity statin group received rosuvastatin 20 mg or atorvastatin 40 mg. The primary endpoint was a 3-year composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or coronary revascularization.

The study found that the primary endpoint occurred in 8.1% of the treat-to-target group and 8.7% of the high-intensity statin group, indicating that the treat-to-target strategy was noninferior to the high-intensity statin strategy.

Overall, the results of this study indicate that a treat-to-target strategy could be an appropriate substitute for high-intensity statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. This approach enables a personalized treatment plan that accounts for variations in individual drug response to statin therapy.

Article: Treat-to-Target or High-Intensity Statin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Commentaries:

Investigating treat-to-target low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol versus high-intensity statins for coronary artery disease – News Medical

Not all patients with coronary artery disease require high intensity statins – MedicalResearch.com

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


WHO Meta-Analysis | Saturated fat and trans-fat intakes and their replacement with other macronutrients

9 Mar, 2023 | 14:24h | UTC

Saturated fat and trans-fat intakes and their replacement with other macronutrients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies – World Health Organization

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


RCT | Bempedoic acid shows modest reduction in cardiovascular events for statin-intolerant patients

8 Mar, 2023 | 14:39h | UTC

Summary:

Bempedoic acid is an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor that reduces LDL cholesterol levels and is associated with a low incidence of muscle-related adverse events. The study enrolled 13,970 patients at increased cardiovascular risk, with 6,992 randomized to bempedoic acid and 6,978 randomized to placebo, with a median duration of follow-up of 40.6 months.

The study found that bempedoic acid was associated with a statistically significant 13% reduction in the primary endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events, which included death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or coronary revascularization. However, the absolute risk reduction of events was modest, at 1.6% over nearly four years.

The study also reported higher incidences of gout and cholelithiasis with bempedoic acid compared to placebo, as well as small increases in serum creatinine, uric acid, and hepatic-enzyme levels.

Article: Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant Patients – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

CLEAR Positives and Cautions With Bempedoic Acid for Statin Intolerance – Medscape (recommended reading – free registration required)

Cardiovascular Outcomes After “Statin-Intolerant” Patients Take Bempedoic Acid – NEJM Journal Watch (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


M-A | Long-term consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality

7 Mar, 2023 | 12:58h | UTC

Summary:

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 prospective cohort studies evaluated the association between the consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality.

The researchers found that a long-term high intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and nuts was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality, while a high intake of red/processed meat was associated with increased risk. On the other hand, the consumption of dairy products and legumes did not show a significant association with cardiovascular risk.

The researchers acknowledge the limitations of observational studies and the need for further research on the long-term effects of specific food groups on cardiovascular mortality.

Article: Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies – Advances in Nutrition

 


Cohort Study | Lipoprotein(a) is linked to atherothrombosis and aortic valve stenosis independent of C-reactive protein

27 Feb, 2023 | 12:44h | UTC

Lipoprotein(a) is linked to atherothrombosis and aortic valve stenosis independent of C-reactive protein – European Heart Journal (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Lp(a) Is Linked to Atherothrombosis Independent of CRP – American College of Cardiology

 


M-A | Soluble fiber supplementation and serum lipid profile

20 Feb, 2023 | 12:18h | UTC

Summary: The article presents the results of a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on blood lipid parameters in adults. The review included 181 RCTs with 220 treatment arms and 14,505 participants. The meta-analysis found that soluble fiber supplementation significantly reduced LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B concentrations. The article suggests that increasing fiber intake using soluble fiber supplementation could be an effective intervention in the prevention and management of dyslipidemia, and consequently may contribute to the risk reduction of cardiovascular diseases. However, the article also notes that because of the high between-study heterogeneity and publication bias, the findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Article: Soluble Fiber Supplementation and Serum Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials – Advances in Nutrition

 


M-A | Aspirin with or without statin in individuals without atherosclerotic CVD across risk categories

17 Feb, 2023 | 13:22h | UTC

Summary: This meta-analysis examined the effects of aspirin in adults without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), stratified by statin use across different ASCVD risks. The analysis found that aspirin reduced myocardial infarction but increased major bleeding, and was not associated with total or cardiovascular survival benefits. In adults without ASCVD, concomitant statin appeared to significantly reduce absolute risk reduction for MI associated with aspirin without influencing bleeding risk. The study highlights that the risk-benefit equilibrium may be tilted towards more harm for primary prevention, and that the expected absolute risk of major bleeding exceeds absolute MI benefits by aspirin for every level of ASCVD risk. The findings have implications for the use of aspirin in those already on statin therapy for primary ASCVD prevention.*

Article: Aspirin With or Without Statin in Individuals Without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Across Risk Categories – JACC: Advances

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 


Updated Guideline | Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:47h | UTC

Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

Related Guidelines:

USPSTF Recommendation Statement | Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease – Circulation

#ESCCongress – 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

#ESCCongress – 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice.

Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology – 2019 – Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE) guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care: 2018 update – Canadian Medical Association Journal

 


Abbreviated lipid guidelines for clinical practice

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:46h | UTC

Abbreviated lipid guidelines for clinical practice : Based on ESC lipid guidelines 2019 and ESC cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice guidelines 2021 – Irish Journal of Medical Science

Original Guidelines

#ESCCongress – 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

#ESCCongress – 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice.

Related:

Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

USPSTF Recommendation Statement | Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease – Circulation

Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology – 2019 – Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE) guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care: 2018 update – Canadian Medical Association Journal

 


Lipid‐lowering trials are not representative of patients managed in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of exclusion criteria

2 Feb, 2023 | 14:52h | UTC

Lipid‐Lowering Trials Are Not Representative of Patients Managed in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Exclusion Criteria – Journal of the American Heart Association

 


M-A | Association between autism spectrum disorders and cardiometabolic diseases

1 Feb, 2023 | 13:11h | UTC

Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Editorial: Autism, Physical Health Conditions, and a Need for Reform – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Perspective | The case of statins, diabetes, and bias in observational studies

24 Jan, 2023 | 14:35h | UTC

The Case of Statins, Diabetes, and Bias in Observational Studies – Sensible Medicine

 


Restoring mortality data in the FOURIER trial of evolocumab in patients with CVD: a reanalysis based on regulatory data

10 Jan, 2023 | 14:49h | UTC

Restoring mortality data in the FOURIER cardiovascular outcomes trial of evolocumab in patients with cardiovascular disease: a reanalysis based on regulatory data – BMJ Open

Commentaries: 

Yet Another Story on Re-Analyzing a Major Trial – Sensible Medicine

Study Alleges Mortality Miscount in FOURIER Trial; TIMI Group Disagrees – TCTMD

Experts Issue Caution for Evolocumab Following New Review of FOURIER Data; Amgen Disputes the Claims – AJMC

 


The year in cardiovascular medicine 2022: the top 10 papers in dyslipidemias

9 Jan, 2023 | 14:26h | UTC

The year in cardiovascular medicine 2022: the top 10 papers in dyslipidaemias – European Heart Journal

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Cohort Study | Association of the triglyceride glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance with mortality and CVD

9 Jan, 2023 | 13:42h | UTC

Association of the triglyceride glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance with mortality and cardiovascular disease in populations from five continents (PURE study): a prospective cohort study – The Lancet Health Longevity

Invited Commentary: The triglyceride glucose index and cardiovascular disease outcomes – The Lancet Health Longevity

 


Cohort Study | Lipoprotein(a) in youth and prediction of major cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood.

9 Dec, 2022 | 13:11h | UTC

Lipoprotein(a) in Youth and Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adulthood – Circulation

Commentary: Lp(a) in Youth and Risk of ASCVD Outcomes in Adulthood – American College of Cardiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Podcast | Advanced lipidology.

30 Nov, 2022 | 13:32h | UTC

#361 Advanced Lipidology – The Curbsiders

 


RCT | Vitamin D fails to prevent statin-associated muscle symptoms among new statin users.

25 Nov, 2022 | 12:40h | UTC

Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms Among New Statin Users Randomly Assigned to Vitamin D or Placebo – JAMA Cardiology (free for a limited period)

Commentary: Vitamin D fails to reduce statin-associated muscle pain – Northwestern University

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Cohort Study | Race-dependent association of HDL-C levels with incident coronary artery disease.

23 Nov, 2022 | 14:02h | UTC

Race-Dependent Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels With Incident Coronary Artery Disease – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Editorial: HDL-C in Black Adults for ASCVD Risk Calculation: Benefit or Barrier to Achieving Health Equity? – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

News Release: Study challenges “good” cholesterol’s role in universally predicting heart disease risk – National Institutes of Health

Commentary: Study suggests that HDL or ‘good’ cholesterol is less beneficial than previously thought, especially for Black adults – CNN

 


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