Radiology – Thorax
Retrospective Study: AI Tool Accurately Excludes Pathology in Up to 52.7% of Unremarkable Chest Radiographs with Low Critical Misses – Radiology
24 Aug, 2024 | 16:14h | UTCStudy Design and Population: This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of a commercial AI tool in correctly identifying unremarkable chest radiographs, thus potentially reducing the workload in radiology departments. The study analyzed 1,961 chest radiographs from adult patients (median age: 72 years) across four Danish hospitals. The radiographs were labeled as remarkable or unremarkable by thoracic radiologists, and the AI tool’s performance was evaluated at varying sensitivity thresholds.
Main Findings: The AI tool demonstrated a specificity of 24.5% to 52.7% at sensitivity thresholds of 99.9% to 98.0%, respectively, effectively excluding pathology in unremarkable chest radiographs. At sensitivities of 95.4% or higher, the AI had equal or lower rates of critical misses compared to radiology reports, with the AI missing only 2.2% of critical findings compared to 1.1% by radiologists at similar sensitivity levels.
Implications for Practice: The results suggest that AI tools could autonomously report up to 52.7% of unremarkable chest radiographs, potentially reducing radiologist workload without compromising patient safety. However, prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings and optimize AI deployment in clinical practice.
Retrospective Cohort Study: Rheumatoid Arthritis Linked to Over 50% Increased Lung Cancer Risk, with a Three-Fold Risk in RA-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease – Arthritis Rheumatol
18 Aug, 2024 | 18:58h | UTCStudy Design and Population: This retrospective matched cohort study examined the risk of lung cancer in 72,795 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 757 patients with RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) from the Veterans Health Administration database, compared with 633,937 non-RA controls. The study spanned from 2000 to 2019, with patients matched on age, gender, and enrollment year.
Main Findings: The study found that RA was associated with a 58% increase in lung cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.58). The risk was significantly higher in RA-ILD patients, with a more than three-fold increase (aHR 3.25) compared to non-RA controls. Even among never smokers, RA patients showed a 65% increased lung cancer risk, indicating that factors beyond smoking contribute to the elevated risk.
Implications for Practice: The study underscores the significant increase in lung cancer risk among patients with RA, particularly those with RA-ILD. While this elevated risk is notable, further research is necessary to determine the most effective strategies for monitoring and managing this risk. Clinicians should be aware of these findings and consider them when evaluating the overall health and risk factors of patients with RA, especially those with additional pulmonary complications like ILD. Enhanced awareness and individualized risk assessments may help in early detection and management of lung cancer in this high-risk population.
Study Shows High Prevalence of Solid Lung Nodules in Nonsmoking Adults – Radiology
14 Aug, 2024 | 13:14h | UTCStudy Design and Population: This cohort study examined the prevalence and size distribution of solid lung nodules in a nonsmoking population from the Northern Netherlands. A total of 10,431 participants aged 45 years and older, predominantly nonsmokers, were included in the Imaging in Lifelines (ImaLife) study. The study utilized low-dose chest CT scans to detect and measure lung nodules.
Main Findings: Lung nodules were present in 42% of participants, with a higher prevalence in males (47.5%) than females (37.7%). The prevalence of clinically relevant nodules (≥100 mm³) was 11.1%, and actionable nodules (≥300 mm³) were found in 2.3% of individuals. Both prevalence and nodule size increased with age, and male participants consistently showed a higher prevalence and larger nodule sizes compared to females.
Implications for Practice: While 42% of nonsmoking adults in this Northern European cohort were found to have solid lung nodules, the incidence of lung cancer within this population is notably low. This suggests that many of the clinically relevant and even actionable nodules identified in nonsmokers are likely benign. These findings highlight the need to refine nodule management strategies for individuals at low risk of lung cancer, potentially reducing unnecessary follow-up and interventions in nonsmoking populations. Future research on lung cancer outcomes in this cohort could further inform and optimize guidelines for nodule management in low-risk groups.
Pictorial Review | Watch out for the early killers: imaging diagnosis of thoracic trauma
9 Aug, 2023 | 15:02h | UTCWatch Out for the Early Killers: Imaging Diagnosis of Thoracic Trauma – Korean Journal of Radiology
Pictorial Review | Occupational lung diseases: spectrum of common imaging manifestations
9 Aug, 2023 | 14:51h | UTCOccupational Lung Diseases: Spectrum of Common Imaging Manifestations – Korean Journal of Radiology
Study | AI use in lung cancer screening enhances prediction of lung cancer death, CVD death, and all-cause death
1 Aug, 2023 | 14:31h | UTCAI Body Composition in Lung Cancer Screening: Added Value Beyond Lung Cancer Detection – Radiology (free for a limited period)
Commentary: Study: AI Assessment of Chest CT May Predict Multiple Mortality Risks – Diagnostic Imaging
Study | New deep learning model effectively detects type 2 diabetes from chest X-rays
28 Jul, 2023 | 14:15h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
"Your Chest-ray indicates you may have diabetes"https://t.co/1TEHWvG33D
The latest unexpected outgrowth of deep learning #AI @NatureComms @AyisPyrros and colleagues pic.twitter.com/wZcTT2GCy2— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) July 11, 2023
Consensus Paper | Lung ultrasound in acute and chronic heart failure
24 Jul, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC
Review | CT and chest radiography in evaluation of mechanical circulatory support devices for acute heart failure
18 Jul, 2023 | 13:28h | UTC
Clinical insights into small cell lung cancer: tumor heterogeneity, diagnosis, therapy, and future directions
26 Jun, 2023 | 00:31h | UTC
Cohort study | Airway-occluding mucus plugs in chest CT linked to higher mortality rates in COPD patients
29 May, 2023 | 11:10h | UTCAirway-Occluding Mucus Plugs and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – JAMA (free for a limited period)
News Release: Study linking mucus plugs and COPD mortality could help save lives – Brigham and Women’s Hospital
M-A | Prevalence, imaging patterns and risk factors of interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease
24 Mar, 2023 | 13:02h | UTC
Review | Commonly missed findings on chest radiographs: causes and consequences
13 Mar, 2023 | 15:07h | UTCCommonly Missed Findings on Chest Radiographs: Causes and Consequences – CHEST (free for a limited period)
See also: Reducing Errors Resulting From Commonly Missed Chest Radiography Findings – CHEST (free for a limited period)
Review | Reducing errors resulting from commonly missed chest radiography findings
13 Mar, 2023 | 15:06h | UTCReducing Errors Resulting From Commonly Missed Chest Radiography Findings – CHEST (free for a limited period)
See also: Commonly Missed Findings on Chest Radiographs: Causes and Consequences – CHEST (free for a limited period)
Study shows potential for autonomous reporting of normal chest radiographs using artificial intelligence
13 Mar, 2023 | 14:41h | UTCAutonomous Chest Radiograph Reporting Using AI: Estimation of Clinical Impact – Radiology
News Release: AI accurately identifies normal and abnormal chest x-rays – Radiological Society of North America
Commentary: AI Has High Sensitivity for Abnormal Chest Radiographs – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
In a multicenter retrospective study of 1529 consecutive radiographs from adult patients, depending on referral setting, between 6% and 12% of all radiographs could potentially be autonomously reported, with the highest rates in outpatients. https://t.co/SEumLlqJMA pic.twitter.com/r2yTgoUb4H
— Radiology (@radiology_rsna) March 9, 2023
Cohort Study | One third of patients hospitalized with Covid-19 persist with lung abnormalities after 2 years
21 Feb, 2023 | 11:47h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to assess changes in chest CT abnormalities and pulmonary function in patients two years after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prospective study followed 144 participants discharged from the hospital after SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 15 and March 10, 2020. The participants underwent serial chest CT scans and pulmonary function tests at 6 months, 12 months, and 2 years after symptom onset. The study found that 39% of participants had persistent interstitial lung abnormalities at 2 years, and this was associated with respiratory symptoms and decreased diffusion pulmonary function.
Editorial: Radiologic Findings after COVID-19 and the Correlation with Lung Function – Radiology
Commentaries:
Post-COVID-19 CT scans show lung abnormalities persist two years later – News Medical
COVID’s aftermath: Persistent organ damage at 1 year, lung abnormalities at 2 – CIDRAP
RCT | AI improves nodule detection on chest radiographs in a health screening population
10 Feb, 2023 | 13:55h | UTCNews Release: AI Improves Lung Nodule Detection on Chest X-Rays – RSNA News
Review | Current and emerging knowledge of diagnostic imaging in COVID-19
2 Feb, 2023 | 15:04h | UTCCurrent and Emerging Knowledge in COVID-19 – Radiology
See also:
Long-term Lung Abnormalities Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia – Radiology
An Integrated Radiologic-Pathologic Understanding of COVID-19 Pneumonia – Radiology
Pulmonary fibrosis related to amiodarone — is it a standard pathophysiological pattern? A case-based literature review
2 Feb, 2023 | 14:39h | UTC
Retrospective Cohort | Incidental coronary artery calcification on non-gated CT thorax correlates with risk of CV events and death
31 Jan, 2023 | 13:51h | UTC
Machine learning in radiology: the new frontier in interstitial lung diseases
10 Jan, 2023 | 14:08h | UTC
International guidelines and consensus on the use of lung ultrasound.
21 Nov, 2022 | 14:30h | UTC
Guidelines for point-of-care ultrasound: part one (common heart and pulmonary applications).
17 Oct, 2022 | 12:32h | UTC
Review | The many faces of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.
30 Sep, 2022 | 12:40h | UTCThe many faces of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) – Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
Study suggests AI improves chest X-ray interpretation.
6 Sep, 2022 | 14:38h | UTCCommentary: Study Suggests AI Improves Chest X-Ray Interpretation – Diagnostic Imaging
Original Study: Association of Artificial Intelligence–Aided Chest Radiograph Interpretation With Reader Performance and Efficiency – JAMA Network Open
Commentary on Twitter
AI-aided interpretation improves reader performance and efficiency for identifying major thoracic findings on chest radiographs. @MGH_Webster #OpenAccess #Research https://t.co/JdgW55BgL7
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) August 31, 2022