Pediatrics – Pulmonology
RCT | Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children younger than 5 years of age
17 Feb, 2023 | 13:27h | UTCSummary: The study was a combined phase 2-3 clinical trial that aimed to determine whether the BNT162b2 vaccine was safe, could elicit an immune response and was effective in preventing COVID-19 in healthy children. The trial was conducted on children aged 6 months to 11 years, with the findings presented for the 6 months to 4 years age group. The results indicated that the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and effective in reducing the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 by 73.2% in children aged 6 months to 4 years. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and the side effects were mainly mild to moderate. The incidence of fever was similar among those who received the vaccine or a placebo.*
Article: Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.
RCT | Efficacy of a loading dose of IV salbutamol in children with severe acute asthma admitted to a PICU
8 Feb, 2023 | 12:10h | UTC
SR | The current evidence does not support a role for Vitamin D in the management of asthma
7 Feb, 2023 | 14:16h | UTCVitamin D for the management of asthma – Cochrane Library
Commentary: Vitamin D for asthma: new evidence, new message – Evidently Cochrane
Guideline | Management of severe bronchiolitis in infants under 12 months admitted to a pediatric critical care unit
27 Jan, 2023 | 12:32h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
https://twitter.com/yourICM/status/1610855347203309568
Executive Summary | Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
23 Jan, 2023 | 13:45h | UTC
RCT | Intranasal mometasone furoate and saline are similarly effective for sleep-disordered breathing in children
23 Jan, 2023 | 13:39h | UTCEffectiveness of Intranasal Mometasone Furoate vs Saline for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)
News Release: Simple nasal spray significantly reduces snoring and breathing difficulties in children – Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Commentary: Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing Managed in Primary Care with Corticosteroid or Saline – HCP Live
Commentary on Twitter
Study suggests that in primary care, first-line treatment of sleep-disordered breathing in children could include 6 weeks of intranasal saline, or corticosteroid, which may resolve symptoms in almost one-half of children. https://t.co/oWrwcjgkPS @kirstenperrett
— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) January 17, 2023
Clinical challenges in pediatric ventilation liberation: a meta-narrative review
23 Jan, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC
M-A | High-flow oxygen and other noninvasive respiratory support therapies in bronchiolitis
23 Jan, 2023 | 13:28h | UTC
M-A | Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients
23 Jan, 2023 | 13:30h | UTCNoninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (free for a limited period)
RCT | Early high-flow nasal oxygen did not improve outcomes in hospitalized children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
18 Jan, 2023 | 14:34h | UTCEffect of Early High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Standard Oxygen Therapy on Length of Hospital Stay in Hospitalized Children With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The PARIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)
See also: Visual Abstract
Consensus statement | Use of a 4-month treatment regimen for drug susceptible TB in children with uncomplicated disease
18 Jan, 2023 | 14:25h | UTC
UK National case series of group A streptococcus pleural empyema in children: clinical and microbiological features
15 Jan, 2023 | 20:24h | UTC
Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)
huge amount of recent interest in invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) infection in children
but up until now little patient-level clinical data on this spike in cases
we hope our case series @TheLancetInfDis will help address this knowledge gap https://t.co/75kV7FVmST 1/n pic.twitter.com/ytKyRu8MYi— Thomas Christie Williams (@Williams_T_C) January 10, 2023
SR | Interventions for the eradication of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis
12 Jan, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC
SR | Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis.
13 Dec, 2022 | 14:15h | UTCInhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis – Cochrane Library
Summary: Inhaling antibiotics to treat lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis – Cochrane Library
RCT | Effect of Vitamin C for pregnant smokers on offspring airway function and wheeze at age 5 years.
8 Dec, 2022 | 12:47h | UTCEffect of Vitamin C Supplementation for Pregnant Smokers on Offspring Airway Function and Wheeze at Age 5 Years: Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
News Release: Researchers discover that vitamin C improves health for children of pregnant smokers – Oregon Health & Science University
Commentary on Twitter
This study found that offspring of pregnant smokers who were randomized to Vitamin C supplementation during pregnancy had increase airway function at age 5 years and decreased wheeze. https://t.co/yXSBzJlkIq #Research
— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) November 21, 2022
M-A | Efficacy of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying doses of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma.
7 Dec, 2022 | 14:26h | UTC
RCT | Discontinuation vs. continuation of hypertonic saline or dornase alfa in modulator treated people with cystic fibrosis.
23 Nov, 2022 | 13:36h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
NEW Article—Discontinuing daily hypertonic saline or dornase alfa in #CFTR modulator-treated individuals with #cysticfibrosis: the SIMPLIFY study
From Nicole Mayer-Hamblett & colleagues https://t.co/LwVctcOlTq#NACFC2022 @CF_Foundation pic.twitter.com/OnDe8rUoPx
— The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (@LancetRespirMed) November 4, 2022
M-A | A short course of antibiotics is noninferior to long-course therapy in children with nonsevere pneumonia.
16 Nov, 2022 | 13:43h | UTCShort-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)
Commentary: Review: Shorter antibiotic course sufficient for kids with pneumonia – CIDRAP
Related:
ACP Guidance: Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections
RCT: 7 days of antibiotic therapy as good as 14 days for afebrile men with urinary tract infection.
Meta-Analysis: Efficacy of Short-Course Antibiotic Treatments for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
SR | Masks vs. prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants.
16 Nov, 2022 | 13:31h | UTC
RCT | Evaluation of mRNA-1273 vaccine in children 6 months to 5 years of age.
20 Oct, 2022 | 12:35h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the 2-dose @moderna_tx vaccine in children 6 months to 5 years, during Omicron. Safe in ~4,800 kids; good immune response; efficacy vs infections ?https://t.co/DkLXAQQaeZ @NEJM pic.twitter.com/ettWOnDGQf
— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) October 19, 2022
RCT | Impact of vaping prevention advertisements on adolescents.
14 Oct, 2022 | 13:57h | UTCNews Release: Researchers find FDA ‘Real Cost’ ads reduce teen openness to vaping – UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
Commentary on Twitter
RCT: Real Cost vaping prevention ads led to lower youth susceptibility to vaping and discouraged cigarette smoking. #OAReaserch https://t.co/ASl5oXbn5Z pic.twitter.com/9Uaj4zc7sK
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) October 13, 2022
Development of a symptom-based tool for screening of children at high risk of preschool asthma.
11 Oct, 2022 | 13:34h | UTCNews Release: Simple new tool allows primary caregivers to detect young kids at high risk of asthma – McMaster University
Commentary on Twitter
The CHILDhood Asthma Risk Tool #CHART applied at 3 years of age outperforms mAPI and physician diagnosis for screening children a high-risk of #PersistentWheeze by age 5. #OAResearch https://t.co/mBFGV4djlz
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) October 6, 2022
Systematic Review | Home care for bronchiolitis.
21 Sep, 2022 | 13:14h | UTCHome Care for Bronchiolitis: a Systematic Review – Pediatrics
Commentary on Twitter
Given the growing interest in and potential impact of the Hospital-at-Home model, this review helps determine whether bronchiolitis requiring hospital-level care is feasible, acceptable to families, and can be safely managed in the home: https://t.co/eISjhYmRdd #Pediatrics pic.twitter.com/qjJYSDUTOq
— AAP Pediatrics (@aap_peds) September 6, 2022
Review | COVID-19 in children.
8 Sep, 2022 | 14:43h | UTCCOVID-19 in Children – Pediatric Clinics of North America
Systematic Review | Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections.
6 Sep, 2022 | 14:40h | UTCProbiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections – Cochrane Library
Commentary on Twitter
#probiotics for preventing colds? @CochraneARI looked at 24 studies w 6,950 people.
? may be beneficial in preventing at least 1 occurrence of acute upper respiratory tract infection #URTI & likely beneficial in preventing 3 occurrences of URTIs.https://t.co/A6XxrjKKcI pic.twitter.com/mDR3NYLLzQ— The Cochrane Library (@CochraneLibrary) August 24, 2022