Pediatrics – Infectious Diseases | Page 8 of 19 | Links Medicus Content Curation & Alerts in Medicine

Case-control study: In children 5 to 11 years of age, the Pfizer vaccine showed an effectiveness of 68% against hospitalization caused by the Omicron variant.

31 Mar, 2022 | 08:37h | UTC

BNT162b2 Protection against the Omicron Variant in Children and Adolescents – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentary: COVID vaccination of children age 5-11 cut omicron hospitalizations by 68% – Children’s Hospital Boston

Commentary on Twitter

BNT162b2 vaccination reduced the risk of omicron-associated hospitalization by two thirds among children 5 to 11 years of age. https://t.co/mQcchQqbtH pic.twitter.com/Qzy8qKg1wC

— NEJM (@NEJM) March 30, 2022

Podcast: Deep dive into deep neck infections in children.

31 Mar, 2022 | 07:57h | UTC

#47: Deep Dive into Deep Neck Infections with Dr. Travis Crook – The Cribsiders

Cohort Study: Short-term outcomes of corticosteroid monotherapy in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

30 Mar, 2022 | 10:40h | UTC

Short-term Outcomes of Corticosteroid Monotherapy in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary on Twitter

In this study, corticosteroid monotherapy successfully treated a subset of patients with mild multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. https://t.co/fuhHeBSaRp

— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) March 28, 2022

Moderna to ask FDA to authorize Covid-19 vaccine in children 6 months to 6 years.

28 Mar, 2022 | 10:01h | UTC

Moderna to ask FDA to authorize Covid-19 vaccine in children 6 months to 6 years – STAT

The prevalence of penicillin allergy labeling ranged from 0.9% to 10.2% across practices in a large pediatric cohort, raising questions regarding the validity of those labels and the unnecessary use of second-line antibiotics that may follow.

28 Mar, 2022 | 09:48h | UTC

Factors Associated With Penicillin Allergy Labels in Electronic Health Records of Children in 2 Large US Pediatric Primary Care Networks – JAMA Network Open

M-A: Most patients with allergy to Penicillin can be given Cefazolin

Systematic review: Safety and efficacy of de-labelling penicillin allergy in adults using direct oral challenge

Penicillin allergy labels increase second-line broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for pediatric respiratory tract infections

Podcast: A Clinical Pharmacologist’s Perspective on Penicillin Allergy

Study: Development and Validation of a Penicillin Allergy Clinical Decision Rule

Consensus Recommendations: Management of a Surgical Patient with a Label of Penicillin Allergy

Practical Guide for Pharmacists to Successfully Implement Penicillin Allergy Skin Testing

NICE: Double Check Patients with ‘Penicillin Allergy’ to Avoid Increased MRSA Risk

Cohort Study: Risk of Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Clostridium Difficile in Patients with a Documented Penicillin Allergy

Commentary on Twitter

In this cohort study of more than 330,000 children, less than 5% were labeled with penicillin allergy with wide variation across practices, with 8% of those labeled despite not receiving any penicillin prescription. https://t.co/kvXcm1RKRd

— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) March 15, 2022

Retrospective Cohort: A population-based study in Sweden and Norway did not find an increased risk of pregnancy complications after COVID-19 vaccination.

28 Mar, 2022 | 09:51h | UTC

Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination During Pregnancy With Pregnancy Outcomes – JAMA

Editorial: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines During Pregnancy: New Evidence to Help Address Vaccine Hesitancy – JAMA

News Release: No increase in pregnancy complications after COVID-19 vaccination – Karolinska Institutet

Test-negative, case-control study: effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19 in adolescents.

24 Mar, 2022 | 09:44h | UTC

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 against COVID-19 in adolescents – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Commentary on Twitter

Our paper on #COVID19 vaccine effectiveness in teenagers (12-17y) is published @TheLancetInfDis. Rapid waning of protection against symptomatic disease, esp with omicron. Vaccines did reduce delta hospitalisations but too early to assess omicron effects

?https://t.co/1kkz7Ge9zf

— Shamez Ladhani (@ShamezLadhani) March 23, 2022

RCT: High dose Rifampicin with or without Levofloxacin vs. standard of care for pediatric tuberculous meningitis.

24 Mar, 2022 | 08:12h | UTC

Randomized Clinical Trial of High Dose Rifampicin with or without Levofloxacin versus Standard of Care for Paediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: The TBM-KIDS Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

New WHO guidelines on the management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents.

22 Mar, 2022 | 09:52h | UTC

WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents – World Health Organization

Commentary: New Children’s TB Guidelines a ‘Game-Changer’ With Non-Invasive Tests, Shortened Treatments – Health Policy Watch

Rapid point-of-care genotyping to avoid aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in neonatal intensive care.

22 Mar, 2022 | 08:01h | UTC

Rapid Point-of-Care Genotyping to Avoid Aminoglycoside-Induced Ototoxicity in Neonatal Intensive Care – JAMA Pediatrics

Editorial: Genetic Testing in Newborns Moves From Rare to Routine Application

Commentary on Twitter

The MT-RNR1 m.1555A>G variant predisposes to profound aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity
The MT-RNR1 POCT was able to genotype the m.1555A>G variant in 26 minutes. #IDTwitter #medtwitter #TwitteRx #MedEd #PIDTwitter https://t.co/BbkpNMiNHN

— Antibiotic Steward Bassam Ghanem (@ABsteward) March 21, 2022

M-A: Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to prevent Mother-to-Child transmission of hepatitis B virus.

18 Mar, 2022 | 07:37h | UTC

Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to prevent Mother-to-Child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis – American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Trends in HPV–associated cancers, demographic characteristics, and vaccinations in the US, 2001-2017.

17 Mar, 2022 | 08:16h | UTC

Trends in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers, Demographic Characteristics, and Vaccinations in the US, 2001-2017 – JAMA Network Open

Author Interview: Trends in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers, Demographic Characteristics, and Vaccinations

[Not published yet] Single-dose HPV vaccine highly effective, researchers say – “Results of randomized controlled trial in Kenya bring new energy to eliminate cervical cancer worldwide”.

A national HPV vaccination program in England was associated with an estimated reduction in cervical cancer rates of 87% for those offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years.

Three-year follow-up of 2-dose versus 3-dose HPV vaccine

Nationwide cohort study in Sweden shows HPV vaccination linked to reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer

CDC: 92% of Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers can be Targeted by HPV Vaccination

Meta-Analysis: Population-level Impact of HPV Vaccination Programs

How to: Clostridioides difficile infection in children.

16 Mar, 2022 | 08:39h | UTC

How to: Clostridioides difficile infection in children – Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Retrospective Cohort: Asthma in children and adolescents is not associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

15 Mar, 2022 | 08:55h | UTC

Asthma and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adolescents – Pediatrics

Commentary: Kids with asthma not at higher risk of COVID-19, study finds – CIDRAP

We expected people with asthma to fare worse during COVID. Turns out they’ve had a break.

M-A: Asthma does not increase the risk of infection, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality from COVID-19

Systematic review: No evidence that patients with asthma are at increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization or death

Asthma in COVID-19 hospitalizations: An overestimated risk factor?

SHEA neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) white paper series: Practical approaches for preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections.

11 Mar, 2022 | 09:53h | UTC

SHEA neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) white paper series: Practical approaches for the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections – Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

News Release: Practical approaches for the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections in NICU – Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

RCT: In children with nonsevere, drug-susceptible tuberculosis, treatment for 4 months is noninferior to treatment for 6 months.

10 Mar, 2022 | 11:03h | UTC

Shorter Treatment for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children – New England Journal of Medicine

News Release: Treatment length reduced for children with tuberculosis – University College London

Commentary on Twitter

Completing 6 months of treatment for tuberculosis in children is a challenge. In this open-label trial involving 1204 children in sub-Saharan Africa and India, 4 months of antituberculosis therapy was noninferior to 6 months of therapy. https://t.co/zkD4URWMru pic.twitter.com/LFR6ZzTKgs

— NEJM (@NEJM) March 9, 2022

Recommendations for diagnosis and prevention of Cytomegalovirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis in breast-fed preterm infants.

10 Mar, 2022 | 10:37h | UTC

Recommendations for Diagnosis and Prevention of Cytomegalovirus-Associated Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Breast-Fed Preterm Infants – Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Extending the reach of antimicrobial stewardship to pediatric patients.

10 Mar, 2022 | 10:12h | UTC

Extending the Reach of Antimicrobial Stewardship to Pediatric Patients – Infectious Diseases and Therapy

Association of acute respiratory failure in early childhood with long-term neurocognitive outcomes.

9 Mar, 2022 | 08:41h | UTC

Association of Acute Respiratory Failure in Early Childhood With Long-term Neurocognitive Outcomes – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

IQ Lower for Survivors of PICU Respiratory Failure Hospitalization – HealthDay

Investigating The Effects of Critical Illness in Early Childhood On Neurocognitive Outcomes – University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing

RCT: Azithromycin is not effective for the prevention of recurrent wheeze following severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

8 Mar, 2022 | 08:49h | UTC

Azithromycin to Prevent Recurrent Wheeze Following Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis – NEJM Evidence

Commentaries:

Study finds azithromycin use during RSV not useful in preventing recurrent wheezing, may cause harm – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Antibiotic doesn’t prevent future wheezing in babies hospitalized with RSV – Washington University in St. Louis

Commentary on Twitter

This RCT tested oral azithromycin vs placebo to reduce recurrent wheeze (RW) in 1-18-month-olds hospitalized with acute severe RSV bronchiolitis. Azithromycin did not reduce occurrence of RW and may increase risk of RW in some groups. #AAAAI22 #Asthma #EBM https://t.co/jYcBuiQ8aY pic.twitter.com/u65NbQaIlX

— NEJM Evidence (@NEJMEvidence) February 28, 2022

RCT: Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in healthy late-preterm and term infants.

3 Mar, 2022 | 09:42h | UTC

Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentaries:

Nirsevimab Protects Late-Preterm, Term Infants from RSV-Related Lower RTI, Study Finds – AJMC

Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Wards Off RSV Infections in Healthy Infants— Monoclonal antibody showed 74.5% efficacy against RSV infections requiring medical care – MedPage Today (free registration required)

Myocarditis following COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination among adolescents in Hong Kong.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:43h | UTC

Myocarditis Following COVID-19 BNT162b2 Vaccination Among Adolescents in Hong Kong – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Study: Dosing change could reduce COVID-19 vaccine heart side effect in teens – UPI

[Preprint] Post-marketing active surveillance of myocarditis and pericarditis following vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in persons aged 12-39 years in Italy.

Myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in Israeli adolescents.

Myocarditis cases reported after mRNA-Based COVID-19 vaccination in the US from December 2020 to August 2021.

A case-control study showed an increased risk of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination with a messenger RNA vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine.

[Preprint] Risk of myocarditis following sequential COVID-19 vaccinations by age and sex.

Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination vs. SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Case series with 139 adolescents and young adults with suspected myocarditis following mRNA vaccination showed most cases had a mild clinical course and rapid resolution of symptoms.

Heart-inflammation risk from Pfizer COVID vaccine is very low.

Large cohort study with over 2.5 million individuals showed the incidence of myocarditis after the Pfizer vaccine was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons.

Study with over 5.1 million vaccinated individuals showed the incidence of myocarditis after the receipt of the Pfizer vaccine was low and more common after the second dose in young male recipients.

Large Observational study shows Pfizer Covid vaccine is mostly safe but is associated with increased risk of myocarditis, adenopathy, appendicitis, and herpes zoster.

Guideline: Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:17h | UTC

American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series: #5 – Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients – Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

See other articles in the series:

American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series, 1: Enterobacterales Infection Prevention and Management after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series, 2: Management and Prevention of Aspergillosis in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients

American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series: #3—Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Disease After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series: #4 – Cytomegalovirus treatment and management of resistant or refractory infections after hematopoietic cell transplantation

[Preprint] Study shows significantly reduced effectiveness of the Pfizer vaccine in children 5 to 11 after the emergency of the Omicron variant.

1 Mar, 2022 | 08:54h | UTC

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine among children 5-11 and 12-17 years in New York after the Emergence of the Omicron Variant – medRxiv

Commentaries:

Pfizer Covid vaccine is less effective in kids 5 to 11, study finds – STAT

Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness fell quickly for kids during Omicron surge but still offered some protection against severe disease – CNN

More mask mandates fall as poor COVID vaccine protection noted in young kids – CIDRAP

Study suggests multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is rare among vaccinated teens.

25 Feb, 2022 | 11:29h | UTC

Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12–20 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, December, 2020, through August, 2021: a surveillance investigation – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

Commentaries:

When vaccine adverse event reporting generates hope, not fear – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

MIS-C rare in COVID-vaccinated teens, study finds – CIDRAP

Vaccination Greatly Reduces Odds of MIS-C in Teens Who Get COVID – HealthDay

Commentary on Twitter

New study from @CDCgov finds that multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (#MISC) is rare among 12 to 20-year-olds who have received #COVID19 vaccination (1.0 case per million individuals receiving one or more doses)https://t.co/BpsXSpMMcH

— The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (@LancetChildAdol) February 23, 2022

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