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Pediatrics – Infectious Diseases

Observational study in adolescents showed the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had an overall effectiveness of 94% against hospitalization and 98% against critical Covid-19.

13 Jan, 2022 | 09:00h | UTC

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents – New England Journal of Medicine

Editorial: Sparing of Severe Covid-19 in Vaccinated Adolescents – New England Journal of Medicine

 

International study identifies predictors of severe outcomes in children with COVID-19.

12 Jan, 2022 | 09:05h | UTC

News Release: International study identifies predictors of severe outcomes in children with COVID-19 – University of Calgary

Original Study: Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2–Positive Youths Tested in Emergency Departments: The Global PERN–COVID-19 Study – JAMA Network Open

 

CDC Report: COVID-19 vaccine safety in children aged 5–11 Years.

9 Jan, 2022 | 01:09h | UTC

COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, November 3–December 19, 2021 – CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Commentary: COVID-19 vaccine appears safe in children aged 5–11 Years – News Medical

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

New CDC Guidance shortens isolation and quarantine period for Covid-19; patients that tested positive should isolate for 5 days and, if asymptomatic after this period, can leave isolation if they can continue to mask for 5 days to minimize the risk of infecting others.

9 Jan, 2022 | 01:13h | UTC

CDC Updates and Shortens Recommended Isolation and Quarantine Period for General Population – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

See also: Quarantine and Isolation – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Commentaries:

Facing criticism, CDC updates Covid-19 isolation recommendations with guidance on testing – CNN

CDC posts rationale for shorter isolation, quarantine – Associated Press

Covid-19: CDC shortens isolation period as US cases hit record high – The BMJ

Shortened CDC COVID isolation guide draws sharply mixed reviews – CIDRAP

New CDC isolation guidelines raise concerns among health experts – NPR

CDC Reduces Recommended Isolation Time for People With COVID-19 – HealthDay

COVID isolation and quarantine period for general population shortened by CDC – News Medical

CDC shortens recommended Covid-19 isolation and quarantine time – CNN

CDC cuts the recommended isolation and quarantine periods for coronavirus infections – NPR

US officials recommend shorter COVID isolation, quarantine – Associated Press

See new recommendations from other countries:

France cuts isolation times and plans crackdown on unvaccinated amid record surge in Covid cases – CNN

Covid: Self-isolation cut from 10 days to seven with negative tests – BBC

 

CDC Study: A test to stay strategy (allowing close contacts with masked COVID-19 exposures to remain in school) was very efficacious in preventing further school spread and allowed children to stay in the classroom as an alternative to home quarantine.

9 Jan, 2022 | 01:07h | UTC

Evaluation of Test to Stay Strategy on Secondary and Tertiary Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in K–12 Schools — Lake County, Illinois, August 9–October 29, 2021 – CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Related CDC Study: Evaluation of a Test to Stay Strategy in Transitional Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Schools — Los Angeles County, California, August 16–October 31, 2021 – CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Related CDC Guidance:

What You Should Know About COVID-19 Testing in Schools – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Science Brief: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in K-12 Schools and Early Care and Education Programs – Updated – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Commentary: ‘Test-to-stay’ works to keep students in school safely, CDC director says – CNN

Related:

Instead of quarantine for Covid-exposed students, some schools are trying test-to-stay.

Cluster RCT: Daily contact testing of school-based contacts was non-inferior to self-isolation for control of COVID-19 transmission.

Kids are losing school days to quarantines. Here’s a way to keep them in classrooms – “Test-to-stay could dramatically reduce close contact quarantines”.

Opinion | Data from routine Covid testing can help schools stay open this year.

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

[Preprint] Risk of myocarditis following sequential COVID-19 vaccinations by age and sex.

9 Jan, 2022 | 01:05h | UTC

Risk of myocarditis following sequential COVID-19 vaccinations by age and sex – medRxiv

Commentary: An evaluation of the association between COVID vaccination and myocarditis in 42 million people aged 13 or older – News Medical

Note: this study is an updated analysis of a recent study published in Nature Medicine; see below:

Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination vs. SARS-CoV-2 infection.

 

New AAP Guidance recommends routine HIV screening to all youth 15 years or older.

8 Jan, 2022 | 23:13h | UTC

Adolescents and Young Adults: The Pediatrician’s Role in HIV Testing and Pre- and Postexposure HIV Prophylaxis – Pediatrics

Commentary: Pediatricians Can Play Key Role in HIV Testing, Prophylaxis – HealthDay

 

RCT: Low-cost, easy to take antiretroviral treatment based on Dolutegravir as first- or second-Line therapy found to be non-inferior to standard care for treating HIV-1 infection in children.

8 Jan, 2022 | 23:07h | UTC

Dolutegravir as First- or Second-Line Treatment for HIV-1 Infection in Children – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Easy-to-take medicine better at suppressing HIV in children – University College London

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

NICE Guideline | Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management.

17 Dec, 2021 | 08:44h | UTC

Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

Related: AAP Guideline: Evaluation and management of well-appearing febrile infants 8 to 60 days old.

 

Sepsis in children: state-of-the-art treatment.

16 Dec, 2021 | 08:56h | UTC

Sepsis in children: state-of-the-art treatment – Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease

 

Antibiotics in critically ill children—a narrative review on different aspects of a rational approach.

16 Dec, 2021 | 08:53h | UTC

Antibiotics in critically ill children—a narrative review on different aspects of a rational approach – Pediatric Research

 

Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination vs. SARS-CoV-2 infection.

15 Dec, 2021 | 08:43h | UTC

Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection – Nature Medicine

News release: COVID-19 infection, more likely than vaccines, to cause rare cardiovascular complications – University of Oxford

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

Systematic Review: Antibiotics for adults and children with sore throats.

10 Dec, 2021 | 10:02h | UTC

Summary: Antibiotics for adults and children with sore throats – Cochrane Library

Original Research: Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults – Cochrane Library

 

[Preprint] Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany – “overall hospitalization rate associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.9 per 10,000 children, ICU admission rate was 1.7 per 10,000 and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000”.

8 Dec, 2021 | 10:18h | UTC

Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany – medRxiv

Related:

Editorial: COVID-19 vaccines for children – “Although it is true that most children experience asymptomatic or mild disease, some will get quite sick, and a small number will die. It’s why children are vaccinated against influenza, meningitis, chickenpox, and hepatitis”.

Review: Should children under 12 years of age be vaccinated against COVID-19?

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – “In total, 99.995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

 

Case series with 139 adolescents and young adults with suspected myocarditis following mRNA vaccination showed most cases had a mild clinical course and rapid resolution of symptoms.

7 Dec, 2021 | 10:19h | UTC

Clinically Suspected Myocarditis Temporally Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents and Young Adults – Circulation

News Release: Young people recover quickly from rare myocarditis side effect of COVID-19 vaccine – American Heart Association

 

Review of 4,470 cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in the US.

7 Dec, 2021 | 10:08h | UTC

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—United States, February 2020–July 2021 – Clinical Infectious Diseases

Related:

WHO issues guidelines on the treatment of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.

An Update on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to SARS-CoV-2.

Ten Things to Know About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An Overview and Comparison.

Cohort study: Six month follow-up of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, there was no evidence that recovery differed after primary treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, initial treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone.

Cohort study showed that the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was 316 persons per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons younger than 21 years. The incidence was higher among Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander persons.

Cohort study showed good recovery for most children 6 months after Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Step Closer to Understanding Who, Where, and When

Neurologic involvement in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Clinical Update: Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Differences in characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) vs. severe acute COVID-19

Cutaneous findings in SARS-CoV-2-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children (MIS-C)

SR: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19

Observational study: The combination of Immunoglobulins + Methylprednisolone was associated with a better course of fever compared to Immunoglobulins alone in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children

ACR Guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS‐CoV‐2

New systematic review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 infection summarizes the clinical features, management, and outcomes of the disease, showing favorable outcomes for the majority of children

 

AAP Clinical Report | Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents.

2 Dec, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents: Testing and Treatment – Pediatrics

 

EMA recommends approval of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for children aged 5 to 11.

26 Nov, 2021 | 08:47h | UTC

Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine: EMA recommends approval for children aged 5 to 11 – European Medicines Agency

Related:

RCT: Pfizer vaccine shows 90.7% efficacy for preventing Covid-19 in children 5 to 11 years of age.

What COVID vaccines for young kids could mean for the pandemic.

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11.

FDA advisory panel recommends Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine be authorized for children ages 5 to 11.

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

M-A: Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and young people – “Higher study quality was associated with lower prevalence of all symptoms, except loss of smell and cognitive symptoms”.

26 Nov, 2021 | 08:35h | UTC

Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and young people: a meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies – Journal of Infection

Related:

Review: Long COVID symptoms in children rarely persist beyond three months.

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Long COVID: the physical and mental health of children and non-hospitalized young people after SARS-CoV-2 infection – one in seven children may still have symptoms 15 weeks after infection.

Do kids get long COVID? And how often? A pediatrician looks at the data – Children also get Long Covid, but much less often than adults.

Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2 – “Only 25 (1.8%) of 1379 children experienced symptoms for at least 56 days.”

Long-term Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents – “This study found a low prevalence of symptoms compatible with long COVID in a randomly selected cohort of children assessed 6 months after serologic testing”.

Study shows low incidence of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (“Long Covid”) in children after mild disease

Cohort study: Risk factors for long covid in previously hospitalized children.

M-A: More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19.

 

WHO Interim statement on COVID-19 vaccination for children and adolescents.

25 Nov, 2021 | 10:49h | UTC

Interim statement on COVID-19 vaccination for children and adolescents – World Health Organization

 

WHO issues guidelines on the treatment of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.

24 Nov, 2021 | 08:51h | UTC

News Release: WHO issues guidelines on the treatment of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 – World Health Organization

Guideline: Living guidance for clinical management of COVID-19 – World Health Organziation

Related:

An Update on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to SARS-CoV-2.

Ten Things to Know About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An Overview and Comparison.

Cohort study: Six month follow-up of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, there was no evidence that recovery differed after primary treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, initial treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone.

Cohort study showed that the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was 316 persons per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons younger than 21 years. The incidence was higher among Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander persons.

Cohort study showed good recovery for most children 6 months after Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Step Closer to Understanding Who, Where, and When

Neurologic involvement in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Clinical Update: Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Differences in characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) vs. severe acute COVID-19

Cutaneous findings in SARS-CoV-2-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children (MIS-C)

SR: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19

Observational study: The combination of Immunoglobulins + Methylprednisolone was associated with a better course of fever compared to Immunoglobulins alone in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children

ACR Guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS‐CoV‐2

New systematic review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 infection summarizes the clinical features, management, and outcomes of the disease, showing favorable outcomes for the majority of children

 

Systematic Review: Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhea.

24 Nov, 2021 | 08:20h | UTC

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use – Cochrane Library

Summary: Are rotavirus vaccines safe and effective in preventing rotavirus diarrhoea in infants and children? – Cochrane Library

Commentary: Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: an updated Cochrane review – Cochrane Library

 

Review: Prevention of emerging infections in children.

23 Nov, 2021 | 08:17h | UTC

Prevention of Emerging Infections in Children – Pediatric Clinics of North America

 

[Not published yet] Single-dose HPV vaccine highly effective, researchers say – “Results of randomized controlled trial in Kenya bring new energy to eliminate cervical cancer worldwide”.

21 Nov, 2021 | 22:56h | UTC

Single-dose HPV vaccine highly effective, researchers say – University of Washington School of Medicine

Related:

A national HPV vaccination program in England was associated with an estimated reduction in cervical cancer rates of 87% for those offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years.

Three-year follow-up of 2-dose versus 3-dose HPV vaccine

Nationwide cohort study in Sweden shows HPV vaccination linked to reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer

CDC: 92% of Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers can be Targeted by HPV Vaccination

Meta-Analysis: Population-level Impact of HPV Vaccination Programs

 

Editorial: COVID-19 vaccines for children – “Although it is true that most children experience asymptomatic or mild disease, some will get quite sick, and a small number will die. It’s why children are vaccinated against influenza, meningitis, chickenpox, and hepatitis”.

19 Nov, 2021 | 10:57h | UTC

COVID-19 vaccines for children – Science

Related: Review: Should children under 12 years of age be vaccinated against COVID-19?

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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