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Pediatrics (all articles)

Prevalence and trend of smokeless tobacco use among adolescents aged 12–16 years in 138 countries/territories.

29 Nov, 2022 | 13:47h | UTC

Prevalence and trend of smokeless tobacco use and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12–16 years in 138 countries/territories, 1999–2019 – BMC Medicine

 

WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant.

27 Nov, 2022 | 22:31h | UTC

WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant – World Health Organization

News Release: Launch of the WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low birth weight infant – World Health Organization

Commentary: Skin to Skin Contact between Mothers and Preterm, Underweight Babies Improve Chances of Survival, says WHO – Health Policy Watch

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

RCT | One-session treatment compared with multisession CBT in children aged 7-16 years with specific phobias.

27 Nov, 2022 | 22:07h | UTC

One-session treatment compared with multisession CBT in children aged 7 16 years with specific phobias: the ASPECT non-inferiority RCT – Health Technology Assessment

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Retrospective Cohort Study | Comparative analysis of all-terrain vehicles, motorcycle and automobile-related trauma in a rural community.

25 Nov, 2022 | 12:27h | UTC

Comparative analysis of all-terrain vehicles, motorcycle and automobile-related trauma in a rural border community of the USA – BMJ Open

Commentaries:

Children very vulnerable to severe injury from quad bike use – BMJ Open

More Male, Pediatric Patients Suffer ATV-Related Injury – HealthDay

Related: AAP Recommendations | Prevention of pediatric all-terrain vehicles related deaths and injuries.

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

WHO updates recommendations to guide family planning decisions.

24 Nov, 2022 | 13:38h | UTC

News Release: WHO updates recommendations to guide family planning decisions – World Health Organization

Family planning: A global handbook for providers – World Health Organization (PDF)

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

M-A | Prevalence and global estimates of unsafe listening practices in adolescents and young adults.

24 Nov, 2022 | 13:18h | UTC

Prevalence and global estimates of unsafe listening practices in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis – BMJ Global Health

News Release: 1 billion + young people potentially at risk of hearing loss from loud music – BMJ Newsroom

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter (with video summary).

 

RCT | Discontinuation vs. continuation of hypertonic saline or dornase alfa in modulator treated people with cystic fibrosis.

23 Nov, 2022 | 13:36h | UTC

Discontinuation versus continuation of hypertonic saline or dornase alfa in modulator treated people with cystic fibrosis (SIMPLIFY): results from two parallel, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trials – The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (free registration required)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Leniolisib for Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome.

22 Nov, 2022 | 13:12h | UTC

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial of PI3Kδ Inhibitor Leniolisib for Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome – Blood 

 

Post-trial follow-up | A brief intervention to prevent alcohol use can have sustained effects among high-risk adolescents.

22 Nov, 2022 | 13:08h | UTC

Effect of Selective Personality-Targeted Alcohol Use Prevention on 7-Year Alcohol-Related Outcomes Among High-risk Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open 

 

Commentary on Twitter 

 

Cohort Study | Association of antidepressant use during pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

21 Nov, 2022 | 14:33h | UTC

Association of Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children – JAMA Internal Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text) 

Commentaries: 

Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy Not Associated With Neurodevelopmental Risk in Children – Psychiatric News Alert 

Antidepressants in Pregnancy Do Not Affect Child Neurodevelopment – HealthDay 

 

Commentary on Twitter 

https://twitter.com/JAMAInternalMed/status/1593046260440776704 

 

Crossover RCT | Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets for slowing myopia.

17 Nov, 2022 | 12:16h | UTC

Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets for slowing myopia: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial – American Journal of Ophthalmology

Related:

RCT: Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets for myopia control vs. single-vision spectacle lenses.

Randomized trial: Effect of High add power, medium add power, or single-vision contact lenses on myopia progression in children

 

M-A | A short course of antibiotics is noninferior to long-course therapy in children with nonsevere pneumonia.

16 Nov, 2022 | 13:43h | UTC

Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Commentary: Review: Shorter antibiotic course sufficient for kids with pneumonia – CIDRAP

Related:

RCT | Among neonates with probable bacterial infection, switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid) was noninferior to a full course of intravenous antibiotics and resulted in shorter hospitalization (median duration of 3.4 vs. 6.8 days).

RCT: In children with community-acquired pneumonia, outpatient antibiotic therapy for 5 days resulted in similar clinical response rates compared to a standard 10-day strategy.

ACP Guidance: Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections

RCT: 5 days of high-dose amoxicillin therapy noninferior to 10 days for the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

RCT: Among children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged within 48 hours from the ED or hospital, lower-dose outpatient oral amoxicillin was noninferior to a higher dose, and a 3-day duration course was noninferior to 7 days.

Treatment of urinary tract infections in infants <2 Months: A Living Systematic Review – short and long duration of parenteral antibiotics were associated with a similar risk of UTI recurrence.

RCT: 7 days of antibiotic therapy as good as 14 days for afebrile men with urinary tract infection.

Randomized Trial: Seven vs. Fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia

Meta-Analysis: Efficacy of Short-Course Antibiotic Treatments for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

 

SR | Masks vs. prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants.

16 Nov, 2022 | 13:31h | UTC

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants – Cochrane Library

Summary: Nasal masks versus nasal prongs for continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants – Cochrane Library

 

Editorial | The urgent need to recognize and properly address prenatal-onset group B Streptococcus disease.

10 Nov, 2022 | 13:59h | UTC

The urgent need to recognize and properly address prenatal-onset group B Streptococcus disease – International Journal of Infectious Diseases

 

Case-control study | Risk variants in the exomes of children with critical illness.

10 Nov, 2022 | 13:52h | UTC

Risk Variants in the Exomes of Children With Critical Illness – JAMA Network Open

 

Guideline | Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acute and critically ill children.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:32h | UTC

ESPNIC clinical practice guidelines: intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acute and critically ill children— a systematic review and meta-analysis – Intensive Care Medicine

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

AHA Scientific Statement | Arrhythmias in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:33h | UTC

Arrhythmias in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

Summary: Arrhythmias in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot – American Heart Association

Top Things to Know: Arrhythmias in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot – American Heart Association

Commentary: Challenges in Managing Arrhythmias in Adult Tetralogy of Fallot – American Heart Association

 

RCT | In infants undergoing heart surgery, prophylactic methylprednisolone did not significantly improve outcomes.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:31h | UTC

Methylprednisolone for Heart Surgery in Infants — A Randomized, Controlled Trial – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: Steroids during surgery may not be helpful for infants having heart bypass – American Heart Association

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Effect of text messaging parents of school-aged children on outdoor time to control myopia.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:26h | UTC

Effect of Text Messaging Parents of School-Aged Children on Outdoor Time to Control Myopia: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Defining the optimum strategy for identifying adults and children with celiac disease: systematic review and economic modeling.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:16h | UTC

Defining the optimum strategy for identifying adults and children with coeliac disease: systematic review and economic modelling – Health Technology Assessment

 

Cohort Study | Associations between childhood trauma and childhood psychiatric disorders in Brazil.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:15h | UTC

Associations between childhood trauma and childhood psychiatric disorders in Brazil: a population-based, prospective birth cohort study – The Lancet Psychiatry

Commentary: Birth cohort study reveals the mental health burden of trauma in childhood – University of Bath

 

RCT | Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and behavioral parent training for children aged 3–5 years with ADHD.

9 Nov, 2022 | 12:09h | UTC

Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and behavioural parent training for children aged 3–5 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and sham behavioural parent training-controlled trial – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

Guideline | Prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients.

8 Nov, 2022 | 12:21h | UTC

Prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients: A Clinical practice guideline – Pediatric Blood & Cancer (PDF)

 

RCT | Early amino acids in extremely preterm infants did improve neurodisability at 2 Years.

7 Nov, 2022 | 12:52h | UTC

Early Amino Acids in Extremely Preterm Infants and Neurodisability at 2 Years – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Extra Parenteral Amino Acids No Benefit for Extremely Preterm Infants – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Once-weekly Semaglutide effective for weight loss in adolescents with obesity.

4 Nov, 2022 | 13:59h | UTC

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

STEP TEENS: High-dose semaglutide weight loss benefits shown in adolescents – medwire News

Trial Shows Weight-Loss Drug Works in Teens – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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