Pediatrics (all articles)
SR | The impact of antimicrobial stewardship in children in low- and middle-income countries
16 Feb, 2023 | 14:46h | UTC
RCT | Effect of low-concentration atropine eyedrops vs. placebo on myopia incidence in children
15 Feb, 2023 | 16:09h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration atropine eyedrops at 0.05% and 0.01% concentration for delaying the onset of myopia in children. The randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial enrolled 474 nonmyopic children aged 4 through 9 years. Participants were assigned to 0.05% atropine, 0.01% atropine, and placebo groups and had eyedrops applied once nightly in both eyes over 2 years. The results showed that the 0.05% atropine eyedrops resulted in a significantly lower incidence of myopia and a lower percentage of participants with fast myopic shift at 2 years compared with placebo. However, there was no significant difference between 0.01% atropine and placebo. More research is necessary to replicate the results, determine whether this approach delays or prevents myopia, and evaluate its long-term safety.*
Article: Effect of Low-Concentration Atropine Eyedrops vs Placebo on Myopia Incidence in Children: The LAMP2 Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)
Editorial: Delaying the Onset of Nearsightedness – JAMA (free for a limited period)
Commentaries:
Atropine Eyedrops Associated With Lower Incidence of Myopia, Myopic Shift – AJMC
Low-Concentration Atropine Eyedrops Linked to Lower Myopia Incidence in Children – HCP Live
0.05 Percent Atropine Eye Drops Result in Lower Incidence of Myopia – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
Among children aged 4 to 9 years without #myopia, nightly use of 0.05% atropine eyedrops compared with placebo resulted in a significantly lower incidence of myopia and lower percentage of participants with fast myopic shift at 2 years. https://t.co/XUjnPVGVad pic.twitter.com/4iZa4Iek76
— JAMA (@JAMA_current) February 14, 2023
*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.
Position Paper | Medical Management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
15 Feb, 2023 | 16:03h | UTC
Diagnostic Study | Level of attention to motherese speech as an early marker of autism spectrum disorder
14 Feb, 2023 | 11:04h | UTCSummary: A study was conducted to determine if levels of attention to motherese speech can be used as a diagnostic marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and if they are associated with social and language abilities. The study involved 653 toddlers aged 12 to 48 months and used gaze-contingent eye tracking to measure attention to motherese speech. The results showed that toddlers without ASD had high levels of fixation on motherese speech, while those with ASD had significantly reduced levels. If a toddler fixated on motherese speech at or below 30%, the probability of them being accurately diagnosed with ASD was 94%, and it was also associated with reduced social and language abilities. The findings suggest that attention to motherese speech may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker of ASD.
(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)
Commentaries:
Toddlers’ Attention to ‘Motherese’ Could Give Clues to Autism – HealthDay
Cohort Study | In utero exposure to ADHD medication does not seem to result in worse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes
14 Feb, 2023 | 10:54h | UTCSummary: The authors conducted a study to investigate the long-term effects of in utero exposure to ADHD medication (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine) on offspring. The study followed 1,068,073 liveborn singletons from 1998 to 2018 and compared the outcomes of children whose mothers continued or discontinued ADHD medication during pregnancy. The main outcomes were neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, impairments in vision or hearing, epilepsy, seizures, or growth impairment during childhood or adolescence. After adjustment for demographic and psychiatric characteristics of the mother, no increased risk of any developmental disorders was found in offspring exposed to ADHD medication compared to those not exposed. The results provide reassurance for women with ADHD who depend on medication and consider continuing it during pregnancy.
(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)
Article: In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes – Molecular Psychiatry (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)
In-utero exposure to ADHD medication is not associated with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental disorders and growth restriction in the offspring.
Read the thread below ?on our new paper just published in @molpsychiatry
? https://t.co/MKZ0aeFnhU#ADHD— Kathrine Bang Madsen (@Kathrine_BaMa) February 9, 2023
Podcast | Intravenous fluids in pediatrics
14 Feb, 2023 | 10:32h | UTC#76: IV Fluids – Salty and Sweet – The Cribsiders
Updated child and adolescent immunization schedule, United States, 2023
13 Feb, 2023 | 13:05h | UTCChild and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age – Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
See also: Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: United States, 2023 – Pediatrics
Commentary: Immunization Schedule for Children, Teens Updated for 2023 – HealthDay
The Lancet Series | Breastfeeding 2023
13 Feb, 2023 | 12:52h | UTCHomepage: Breastfeeding 2023 – The Lancet
Editorial: Unveiling the predatory tactics of the formula milk industry
Breastfeeding: crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world
Marketing of commercial milk formula: a system to capture parents, communities, science, and policy
Commentaries:
Expert reaction to review of formula baby milk – Science Media Centre
US infant pertussis incidence trends before and after implementation of the maternal Tdap vaccine
13 Feb, 2023 | 12:38h | UTCUS Infant Pertussis Incidence Trends Before and After Implementation of the Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)
Commentary: Maternal Tdap Vaccination Protects Youngest Infants From Pertussis – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
Study findings suggest that maternal #Tdap vaccination is associated with a reduction in #pertussis among infants younger than 2 months, the strategy’s target age group. https://t.co/a5h3z2zXY2
— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) February 7, 2023
Systematic estimates of the global, regional and national under-5 mortality burden attributable to birth defects in 2000–2019
10 Feb, 2023 | 13:46h | UTC
Review | What’s new in the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis?
10 Feb, 2023 | 13:40h | UTCWhat’s new in the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis? – ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition (free for a limited period)
RCT | Genicular nerve block vs. intra-articular triamcinolone in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
10 Feb, 2023 | 13:36h | UTC
Case-control study | Effectiveness of a Meningococcal Group B vaccine (4CMenB) in children
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:59h | UTCCommentaries:
NEJM: Effectiveness of pediatric meningococcal B vaccine – MedicalResearch.com
4CMenB Vaccination Effective Against Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Children Under 5 – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
In this case–control study of all meningococcal cases in Spain between 2015 and 2019, full vaccination with meningococcal serogroup B vaccine was 76% effective in preventing meningococcal diseases. https://t.co/MMNDjX1g66 pic.twitter.com/bcbywfr8N3
— NEJM (@NEJM) February 5, 2023
Cohort Study | Outcomes of Meningococcal B disease in children after implementation of routine 4CMenB vaccination
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:57h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
Cases of MenB disease in vaccine-eligible children declined after #4CMenB implementation in England, but morbidity in vaccinated and unvaccinated children remained unchanged
New study by @ShamezLadhani & colleagues @UKHSA: https://t.co/4BkIBvsFJs pic.twitter.com/lUxIUCjW47
— The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (@LancetChildAdol) February 1, 2023
RCT | Effects of Bardoxolone Methyl in Alport Syndrome
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:43h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)
✳️ #TenTweetNephJC ✳️
This week CARDINAL – the largest ever RCT in patients with Alport Syndrome ?? pic.twitter.com/wrAxJoz1GJ
— Nephrology Journal Club (@NephJC) January 28, 2023
M-A | Pacifier use and breastfeeding in term and preterm newborns
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:41h | UTC
Review | The role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:40h | UTC
RCT | Tissue adhesive, adhesive tape, and sutures for skin closure of pediatric surgical wounds
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:35h | UTC
M-A | Incidence and characteristics of adverse events in pediatric inpatient care
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC
Transition from pediatric to adult healthcare: a review on the recommendations of young adults with lived experience
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:29h | UTC
M-A | Comparative antiseizure medications for adjunctive treatment in children with drug-resistant focal-onset seizures
9 Feb, 2023 | 13:22h | UTC
RCT | Methylprednisolone vs. immunoglobulins equally effective in PIMS temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2
8 Feb, 2023 | 12:42h | UTC
RCT | Outcomes in children of women with type 2 diabetes exposed to metformin vs. placebo during pregnancy
8 Feb, 2023 | 12:32h | UTCOutcomes in children of women with type 2 diabetes exposed to metformin versus placebo during pregnancy (MiTy Kids): a 24-month follow-up of the MiTy randomised controlled trial – The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
M-A | Needle-free pharmacological sedation techniques in pediatric patients for imaging procedures
8 Feb, 2023 | 12:26h | UTC
M-A | Efficacy of treatments for children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette’s syndrome
8 Feb, 2023 | 12:13h | UTCComparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette’s syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Commentary on Twitter
Treatment recommendations are inconsistent for #Tourette syndrome.
New network meta-analysis by @luis_farhat & team shows that #antipsychotics are the most efficacious, while α-2 agonists are also more efficacious than placebohttps://t.co/awYHWUJA3v
— The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (@LancetChildAdol) December 19, 2022