Pediatrics (all articles)
Review | Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease
27 Feb, 2023 | 12:50h | UTCDiagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease – European Respiratory Review
Commentary on Twitter
ERR: Childhood interstitial lung diseases are rare and severe diseases. A stepwise approach to an aetiological diagnosis includes specific investigations performed in expert centres. The term “undefined chILD” must be regularly reassessed. https://t.co/C32b8QgS8I pic.twitter.com/Wq7iatPtTu
— ERS publications (@ERSpublications) February 26, 2023
Review | Management of gastrointestinal foreign bodies with brief review of the guidelines
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:36h | UTC
SR | The impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in pediatric emergency departments and primary care
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:20h | UTC
M-A | Low-dose insulin infusion is safe and effective in treating diabetic ketoacidosis in children
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:40h | UTCSummary: The article discusses a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low-dose insulin at 0.05 units/kg/hr to standard dose at 0.1 units/kg/hr for children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The study found that low-dose insulin infusion is probably as efficacious and safer than standard-dose insulin in treating DKA in children, as it has no effect on the time to resolution of hyperglycemia or acidosis and probably reduces the risk of developing hypokalemia and hypoglycemia. However, the results are limited by imprecision and generalizability to other settings since all studies were performed in a single country. Therefore, further studies are required to identify the optimal insulin dose for children with DKA in terms of safety and effectiveness.
M-A | Disordered eating affects 1 in 5 children and adolescents
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:33h | UTCSummary: The text reports the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis that included 32 studies on the global proportion of disordered eating in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, assessed with the SCOFF questionnaire, a widely used screening measure for eating disorders. The review found that approximately 22% of children and adolescents showed disordered eating, which was higher among girls, older adolescents, and those with higher body mass index. The high figures are concerning from a public health perspective and highlight the need for prevention strategies to address disordered eating. The study has limitations, including the cross-sectional nature of most of the included studies and the use of self-report questionnaires to assess disordered eating, which may be subject to bias.
Article: Global Proportion of Disordered Eating in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)
Commentary: What is disordered eating? And why do 20% of the world’s kids show signs of it? Experts explain – CNN
SR | Glucocorticoids for croup in children
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:17h | UTCGlucocorticoids for croup in children – Cochrane Library
Review | Constipation in children and adolescents
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:06h | UTCConstipation in Children and Adolescents – Deutsches Ärzteblatt international
M-A | Interventions for myopia control in children
22 Feb, 2023 | 12:36h | UTCRelated:
RCT | Effect of low-concentration atropine eyedrops vs. placebo on myopia incidence in children
Crossover RCT | Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets for slowing myopia.
RCT | Effect of text messaging parents of school-aged children on outdoor time to control myopia.
RCT | Myopia control effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy in children.
Health and nutrition claims for infant formula: international cross sectional survey
22 Feb, 2023 | 12:31h | UTCHealth and nutrition claims for infant formula: international cross sectional survey – The BMJ
Editorial: Poorly substantiated health claims on infant formula – The BMJ
News Release: Most health claims on infant formula products seem to have little evidence – BMJ Newsroom
Commentary: Little evidence to support health claims made on formula milk – BBC
Commentary from one of the authors on Twitter (thread – click for more)
I am super excited to be a co-author on this new @BMJ paper examining formula claims across 15 countries!
Tweetorial time! ?
Spoiler alert ? most formula claims are not support by scientific evidence and those that are…the evidence is not robust.https://t.co/zDSkRWbKO1 pic.twitter.com/rgPgWiso8H
— Merilee Brockway PhD RN IBCLC (@mbrockwa) February 16, 2023
M-A | Monoclonal antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children
22 Feb, 2023 | 12:24h | UTCCommentary: Study Finds 3 Monoclonal Antibodies Reduce RSV Infections in High-Risk Infants, Children – HCP Live
Commentary on Twitter
Network meta-analysis of 4 monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of RSV in children finds 3 may be useful in preventing RSV; more research to confirm efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness is needed. https://t.co/wz9yCVAFWo
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) February 17, 2023
SR | Probiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children
22 Feb, 2023 | 12:20h | UTCProbiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children – Cochrane Library
Instant noodle burns common in pediatric scald injuries: Study highlights need for prevention efforts
21 Feb, 2023 | 11:50h | UTCSummary: The study examined pediatric scald burns at the University of Chicago Burn Center between 2010 and 2020 and found that 31% of burns were attributed to instant noodles. Children with instant noodle burns were typically older, more likely to be Black/African American, and from lower socio-economic backgrounds. They were also more likely to be unsupervised at the time of the injury. While instant noodle burns were smaller and required less operative intervention than other scald burns, some still required hospitalization and were associated with complications. The study highlights the need for targeted burn prevention efforts to reduce the incidence of these common but serious injuries.
Article: Pediatric instant noodle burns: A ten-year single center retrospective study – Burns (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Commentary: Why Instant Noodles Are a Danger to Your Kids – HealthDay
AHA Scientific Statement | Anesthetic care of the pregnant patient with cardiovascular disease
20 Feb, 2023 | 12:29h | UTCSummary: The AHA emphasizes the need for specialized cardio-obstetric anesthesiology care for pregnant patients with cardiovascular disease, involving a multidisciplinary team of obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and other specialists as needed. The approach includes preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, and postoperative care to maintain maternal hemodynamic stability, optimize oxygen delivery to the fetus, and avoid factors that exacerbate cardiovascular disease. Vaginal delivery with effective neuraxial analgesia is the preferred mode of delivery, with cesarean delivery used for obstetrical indications or high-risk patients. Specific recommendations are also provided for the management of patients with different types of cardiovascular disease, including congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Top Things to Know: Statement on the anesthetic care of the pregnant patient with cardiovascular disease – American Heart Association
RCT | Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in children younger than 5 years of age
17 Feb, 2023 | 13:27h | UTCSummary: The study was a combined phase 2-3 clinical trial that aimed to determine whether the BNT162b2 vaccine was safe, could elicit an immune response and was effective in preventing COVID-19 in healthy children. The trial was conducted on children aged 6 months to 11 years, with the findings presented for the 6 months to 4 years age group. The results indicated that the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and effective in reducing the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 by 73.2% in children aged 6 months to 4 years. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and the side effects were mainly mild to moderate. The incidence of fever was similar among those who received the vaccine or a placebo.*
Article: Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.
Consensus Paper | Pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock
17 Feb, 2023 | 13:15h | UTCPreface: Pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock consensus conference
Other articles in the supplement:
Pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock consensus conference research priorities
Building an optimal pediatric trauma program
Time is tissue: Barriers to timely transfusion after pediatric injury
Resuscitative practices and the use of low-titer group O whole blood in pediatric trauma
Tranexamic acid in pediatric hemorrhagic trauma
Blood banking considerations in pediatric trauma
Detecting traumatic brain injury–induced coagulopathy: What we are testing and what we are not
Retrospective Cohort | Lifetime risk of comorbidity in patients with simple congenital heart disease
17 Feb, 2023 | 12:57h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
Lifetime risk of comorbidity in patients with simple congenital heart disease: a Danish nationwide study https://t.co/r8WDeL5Ra5 @escardio #EHJ #ESCYoung #cardiotwitter @ehj_ed @rladeiraslopes pic.twitter.com/llrApfl2xR
— European Society of Cardiology Journals (@ESC_Journals) December 14, 2022
10-year follow-up on preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: induced labor vs. expectant management childhood outcomes
16 Feb, 2023 | 15:05h | UTCSummary: This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of children born after singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and managed by induction of labor vs. expectant management in RCTs undergone between 2007 and 2011. The study assessed the children’s cognition, motor function, and behavior as the primary outcomes. It found that expectant management did not improve long-term outcomes compared to induction of labor for children born after pregnancies with preterm prelabor (between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of pregnancy) rupture of membranes. The confidence in the results of this follow-up study is diminished because only 35% of the children who participated in the original trials participated in the follow-up study.
*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.
Pediatric edible cannabis exposures and acute toxicity in the US: 2017–2021
16 Feb, 2023 | 15:00h | UTCPediatric Edible Cannabis Exposures and Acute Toxicity: 2017–2021 – Pediatrics
Commentaries:
The Number of American Kids Eating Cannabis Has Surged Dramatically – Science Alert
2017 to 2021 Saw Increase in Pediatric Edible Cannabis Exposure – HealthDay
SR | The impact of interventions to prevent neonatal healthcare-associated infections in low- and middle-income countries
16 Feb, 2023 | 14:47h | UTC
SR | The impact of antimicrobial stewardship in children in low- and middle-income countries
16 Feb, 2023 | 14:46h | UTC
RCT | Effect of low-concentration atropine eyedrops vs. placebo on myopia incidence in children
15 Feb, 2023 | 16:09h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration atropine eyedrops at 0.05% and 0.01% concentration for delaying the onset of myopia in children. The randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial enrolled 474 nonmyopic children aged 4 through 9 years. Participants were assigned to 0.05% atropine, 0.01% atropine, and placebo groups and had eyedrops applied once nightly in both eyes over 2 years. The results showed that the 0.05% atropine eyedrops resulted in a significantly lower incidence of myopia and a lower percentage of participants with fast myopic shift at 2 years compared with placebo. However, there was no significant difference between 0.01% atropine and placebo. More research is necessary to replicate the results, determine whether this approach delays or prevents myopia, and evaluate its long-term safety.*
Article: Effect of Low-Concentration Atropine Eyedrops vs Placebo on Myopia Incidence in Children: The LAMP2 Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)
Editorial: Delaying the Onset of Nearsightedness – JAMA (free for a limited period)
Commentaries:
Atropine Eyedrops Associated With Lower Incidence of Myopia, Myopic Shift – AJMC
Low-Concentration Atropine Eyedrops Linked to Lower Myopia Incidence in Children – HCP Live
0.05 Percent Atropine Eye Drops Result in Lower Incidence of Myopia – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
Among children aged 4 to 9 years without #myopia, nightly use of 0.05% atropine eyedrops compared with placebo resulted in a significantly lower incidence of myopia and lower percentage of participants with fast myopic shift at 2 years. https://t.co/XUjnPVGVad pic.twitter.com/4iZa4Iek76
— JAMA (@JAMA_current) February 14, 2023
*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.
Position Paper | Medical Management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
15 Feb, 2023 | 16:03h | UTC
Diagnostic Study | Level of attention to motherese speech as an early marker of autism spectrum disorder
14 Feb, 2023 | 11:04h | UTCSummary: A study was conducted to determine if levels of attention to motherese speech can be used as a diagnostic marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and if they are associated with social and language abilities. The study involved 653 toddlers aged 12 to 48 months and used gaze-contingent eye tracking to measure attention to motherese speech. The results showed that toddlers without ASD had high levels of fixation on motherese speech, while those with ASD had significantly reduced levels. If a toddler fixated on motherese speech at or below 30%, the probability of them being accurately diagnosed with ASD was 94%, and it was also associated with reduced social and language abilities. The findings suggest that attention to motherese speech may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker of ASD.
(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)
Commentaries:
Toddlers’ Attention to ‘Motherese’ Could Give Clues to Autism – HealthDay
Cohort Study | In utero exposure to ADHD medication does not seem to result in worse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes
14 Feb, 2023 | 10:54h | UTCSummary: The authors conducted a study to investigate the long-term effects of in utero exposure to ADHD medication (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine) on offspring. The study followed 1,068,073 liveborn singletons from 1998 to 2018 and compared the outcomes of children whose mothers continued or discontinued ADHD medication during pregnancy. The main outcomes were neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, impairments in vision or hearing, epilepsy, seizures, or growth impairment during childhood or adolescence. After adjustment for demographic and psychiatric characteristics of the mother, no increased risk of any developmental disorders was found in offspring exposed to ADHD medication compared to those not exposed. The results provide reassurance for women with ADHD who depend on medication and consider continuing it during pregnancy.
(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)
Article: In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes – Molecular Psychiatry (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)
In-utero exposure to ADHD medication is not associated with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental disorders and growth restriction in the offspring.
Read the thread below ?on our new paper just published in @molpsychiatry
? https://t.co/MKZ0aeFnhU#ADHD— Kathrine Bang Madsen (@Kathrine_BaMa) February 9, 2023
Podcast | Intravenous fluids in pediatrics
14 Feb, 2023 | 10:32h | UTC#76: IV Fluids – Salty and Sweet – The Cribsiders