Pediatrics (all articles)
Review | Graves’disease in children
22 Mar, 2023 | 13:08h | UTCGraves’ disease: moving forwards – Archives of Disease in Childhood
M-A | The efficacy of Kangaroo-Mother care to the clinical outcomes of LBW and premature infants
21 Mar, 2023 | 13:35h | UTCSummary: Kangaroo-Mother Care (KMC) is a method that involves skin-to-skin contact between the mother and newborn, frequent exclusive or almost exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge. KMC is an alternative to traditional care interventions for low birthweight (LBW) infants, and the World Health Organization has recommended its use for LBW infants for over a decade.
The authors conducted a meta-analysis including 17 randomized clinical trials involving 17,668 participants. They found that KMC can significantly reduce neonatal mortality, lower hypothermia and sepsis rates, and reduce the duration of hospital stay. The authors suggest that KMC should be promoted, popularized, and standardized in clinical practice.
Related:
Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants – Cochrane Library
Consensus on complementary feeding in pediatrics
21 Mar, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC
Two phase 3 trials of lebrikizumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
21 Mar, 2023 | 13:23h | UTCTwo Phase 3 Trials of Lebrikizumab for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
News Release: Largest study to date of lebrikizumab supports its use for treatment of atopic dermatitis – George Washington University
Commentary: Lebrikizumab Effective for Adults, Teens With Atopic Dermatitis – HealthDay
SR | Systemic corticosteroid regimens for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
21 Mar, 2023 | 13:14h | UTCSummary: Different timing and dosages of corticosteroids to prevent lung injury – Cochrane Library
SR | Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants
21 Mar, 2023 | 13:15h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
👶What are the benefits and risks of #phenobarbital (a medicine used to control seizures) for preventing bleeding to the brain in #preterm #infants?
This @CochraneNeonate systematic review looks at the evidence from 10 studies with 792 babies.https://t.co/upqW8azhZP pic.twitter.com/wcpnjlu3t0
— The Cochrane Library (@CochraneLibrary) March 16, 2023
RCT | Closed-loop insulin delivery system enhances blood sugar control in young children with type 1 diabetes
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:54h | UTCSummary: The study enrolled 102 young children between ages 2 and 5, randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either a closed-loop control system of insulin delivery (“artificial pancreas”) or a standard care comparison group. During the 13 weeks of study follow-up, participants in the artificial pancreas group spent 12% more time within their target blood glucose range compared to the standard care group.
The closed-loop group experienced two cases of severe hypoglycemia, while the standard-care group had one case. In the closed-loop group, one case of diabetic ketoacidosis occurred due to a problem with the insulin pump.
Article: Trial of Hybrid Closed-Loop Control in Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
News Releases:
Commentary on Twitter
In children 2 to younger than 6 years of age with type 1 diabetes, a closed-loop control system was associated with a greater percentage of time in the target glycemic range than standard care. https://t.co/rAOLXRNuub#pediatrics #T1D pic.twitter.com/Nzwl3aFr1w
— NEJM (@NEJM) March 17, 2023
Cohort Study | Early childhood respiratory infections linked to increased risk of premature respiratory disease mortality in adulthood
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:52h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to determine the link between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood and premature adult death from respiratory disease. The study used data from a nationally representative cohort recruited at birth in Great Britain in 1946 and followed participants across eight decades.
After adjusting for multiple markers of childhood social disadvantage and adult smoking, the study found that individuals who had an LRTI by age 2 years were 93% more likely to die prematurely from respiratory disease as adults than those who did not have early childhood LRTI, accounting for one-fifth of these deaths and an estimated 179,188 excess deaths across England and Wales between 1972 and 2019.
However, it is important to note that this observational study cannot establish causality, but rather suggests that early childhood LRTI is a marker of increased risk of respiratory-cause deaths later in life.
News Release: Respiratory disease in early childhood linked to higher risk of death for adults – Imperial College London
Commentaries:
Childhood bronchitis, pneumonia tied to premature respiratory death in adults – CIDRAP
Early childhood lower respiratory tract infection: a key determinant of premature adult respiratory mortality – The Lancet (free registration required)
Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)
1/ Great to see the interest in our @TheLancet paper linking lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood to the risk of premature adult death from respiratory disease across Great Britain.
A🧵exploring our study (1/21)
Full paper link below:https://t.co/LlGQJC1wAP
— James P Allinson (@JPAllinson) March 11, 2023
COVID-19 pandemic measures may have caused reduced cognitive abilities among German students, study shows
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:50h | UTCSummary: This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cognitive abilities of secondary school students in Germany. The study compared the intelligence test performance of 424 students in Grades 7 to 9, tested after the first six months of the pandemic, to the results of two highly comparable student samples tested in 2002 and 2012.
The study found that the 2020 sample had substantially lower intelligence test scores than both the 2002 and 2012 samples. The study also retested the 2020 sample after another full school year of COVID-19-affected schooling in 2021 and found no signs of catching up to previous cohorts or further declines in cognitive performance.
It can be inferred from the article that the lower intelligence test scores of the 2020 sample may have been caused by the prolonged disruption of regular schooling due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and school closures.
The study highlights the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cognitive abilities of secondary school students and suggests that these consequences should be taken into account when conducting intelligence assessments in the post-pandemic era. It also recommends that appropriate compensatory measures be implemented to address any learning loss or cognitive deficits that may have resulted from the disruption of regular schooling during the pandemic.
Study | Public health policies should recommend introducing peanut products to infants at 4-6 months of age to prevent peanut allergy
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:33h | UTCCommentary: Expert reaction to research on giving peanut products to babies – Science Media Centre
Related study: Early Introduction of Allergenic Foods Can Prevent Food Allergies in High Risk Infants
Related Guidelines:
AAP Updated Recommendations for Dietary Interventions to Prevent Atopic Disease
Timing of introduction of allergenic solids for infants at high risk – Canadian Paediatric Society
Commentary from the author on Twitter
Latest paper from #LEAPStudy is now published in @JACIonline. We have looked at what happens if peanut products are introduced into the infant diet at different ages across the whole population. https://t.co/zpOlrNHOSihttps://t.co/xDIgYjezyS
More details below. @GoAllergy 1/12 pic.twitter.com/jY5MvdJ2AZ— Graham Roberts (@ProfGRoberts) January 12, 2023
Review | The latent phase of labor
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:28h | UTCThe latent phase of labor – American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Commentary on Twitter
AJOG Expert Review in Labor: The latent phase of labor- Management of a prolonged latent phase of labor https://t.co/ep0rPrldAn @acog @RCObsGyn @SOGCorg @ranzcog @ISUOG pic.twitter.com/fm7cUaQsOr
— AJOG (@AJOG_thegray) March 17, 2023
M-A | Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in pediatric type 2 diabetes
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:12h | UTC
Consensus Statement | Point-of-care ultrasound for systematic assessment of the crashing neonate
17 Mar, 2023 | 13:05h | UTC
SR | Planned hospital birth compared with planned home birth for pregnant women at low risk of complications
17 Mar, 2023 | 12:51h | UTCSummary: Planned hospital birth versus planned home birth – Cochrane Library
RCT | Impact of two ketogenic diet types in refractory childhood epilepsy
16 Mar, 2023 | 13:13h | UTCImpact of two ketogenic diet types in refractory childhood epilepsy – Pediatric Research
Related:
Efficacy and Safety of Dietary Therapies for Childhood Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Modified Atkins Diet in Persons With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial – Neurology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Updated recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission
15 Mar, 2023 | 15:22h | UTC
M-A | Comparison of pediatric emergency department visits for attempted suicide before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
15 Mar, 2023 | 14:56h | UTC
20 million pregnant women with group B streptococcus carriage: consequences, challenges, and opportunities for prevention
15 Mar, 2023 | 14:53h | UTC
RCT | Immersive virtual reality intervention reduces pain among pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture
15 Mar, 2023 | 14:46h | UTCCommentary: Immersive Virtual Reality Beneficial for Children Undergoing Venipuncture – HealthDay
Adolescent substance use | Objective assessment with hair analysis nearly doubled the estimated prevalence based on self-reported data
14 Mar, 2023 | 13:34h | UTCNews Release: Hair analysis shows child drug use could be twice as high as we think – Taylor & Francis Group
Current recommendations for management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis
10 Mar, 2023 | 14:38h | UTC
Recommendations for cardiac point-of-care ultrasound in children
10 Mar, 2023 | 14:35h | UTC
SR | Surgical treatments for epilepsies in children aged 1–36 months
10 Mar, 2023 | 14:21h | UTCSurgical Treatments for Epilepsies in Children Aged 1–36 Months: A Systematic Review – Neurology
Commentary on Twitter
Tsou and colleagues summarize findings of a systematic review commissioned by the @AmEpilepsySoc to assess evidence and identify evidence gaps for surgical treatments for #epilepsy in children aged 1–36 months without infantile spasms. Read the article: https://t.co/Q1WW8Yy0Jf pic.twitter.com/Ko1c27x6cw
— Neurology Journal (@GreenJournal) January 9, 2023
Review | Nutritional management of the infant with chronic kidney disease stages 2–5 and on dialysis
9 Mar, 2023 | 14:18h | UTC
Perspective | Antipsychotics are increasingly being prescribed to children – here’s why we should be concerned
8 Mar, 2023 | 14:29h | UTCOriginal study: Cohort Study | Trends in antipsychotic prescribing to children and adolescents in England