Oncology (all articles)
Guideline | Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of the incidentally discovered adrenal mass
6 Mar, 2023 | 14:16h | UTC
Phase 2 RCT | Neoadjuvant–adjuvant pembrolizumab improves event-free survival vs. adjuvant-only therapy in advanced melanoma
6 Mar, 2023 | 14:11h | UTCSummary:
This phase 2 clinical trial evaluated whether giving pembrolizumab before and after surgery (neoadjuvant-adjuvant therapy) would increase event-free survival in patients with resectable stage III or IV melanoma, compared to adjuvant therapy alone. The trial involved 313 patients, with 154 in the neoadjuvant-adjuvant group and 159 in the adjuvant-only group.
At a median follow-up of 14.7 months, the neoadjuvant-adjuvant group had significantly longer event-free survival than the adjuvant-only group, with similar rates of adverse events between groups, suggesting that pembrolizumab given both before and after surgery may be an effective treatment option for these patients.
Article: Neoadjuvant–Adjuvant or Adjuvant-Only Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
News Release: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy improves outlook in high-risk melanoma – MD Anderson Cancer Center
Commentary on Twitter
Patients who received 3 doses of pembrolizumab before surgery and 15 doses after surgery had significantly longer event-free survival than those who received adjuvant-only therapy with 18 doses after surgery. https://t.co/qmMPV4gvSj#SkinCancer pic.twitter.com/69TDuyPAg7
— NEJM (@NEJM) March 4, 2023
RCT | Oral nicotinamide does not reduce skin cancer incidence in organ-transplant recipients
6 Mar, 2023 | 14:07h | UTCSummary:
This article discusses a phase 3 clinical trial investigating whether oral nicotinamide (vitamin B3) effectively prevents skin cancer in organ transplant recipients.
The study enrolled 158 participants who had at least two keratinocyte cancers in the past five years, with 79 assigned to the nicotinamide group and 79 to the placebo group.
After 12 months, the two groups had no significant differences in the number of squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas, or actinic keratoses. Adverse events and changes in blood or urine laboratory variables were also similar in the two groups.
Article: Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention in Transplant Recipients – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Related Study: A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention – New England Journal of Medicine
Colorectal cancer statistics in the US, 2023
6 Mar, 2023 | 14:02h | UTCColorectal cancer statistics, 2023 – CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
ACG Guideline | Diagnosis and management of biliary strictures
3 Mar, 2023 | 14:13h | UTC
Estimates and projections of the global economic cost of 29 cancers in 204 countries and territories from 2020 to 2050
3 Mar, 2023 | 14:09h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to estimate the global economic cost and distribution of 29 cancers in 204 countries and territories from 2020 to 2050. The study’s findings suggest that the global economic cost of cancers from 2020 to 2050 is estimated at $25.2 trillion. The five cancers with the highest financial costs are tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer; colon and rectum cancer; breast cancer; liver cancer; and leukemia. China and the US face the highest economic costs, and the financial and health burdens are distributed unequally across countries, world regions, and country income groups.
News Release: The price of cancer – International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Commentary on Twitter
The estimated global economic cost of cancers in 2020–2050 is $25.2 trillion, or $2,857 per capita. Global efforts to curb the health and economic burden of cancers are urgently warranted. https://t.co/xAMOGX3Dtl
— JAMA Oncology (@JAMAOnc) February 23, 2023
SR | Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma
3 Mar, 2023 | 13:32h | UTCNeoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma – Cochrane Library
Cohort Study | Risk of endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, carcinoma, and uterine cancer after tamoxifen treatment in premenopausal women with breast cancer
2 Mar, 2023 | 12:56h | UTCCommentary: Risk of Uterine Diseases, Cancers Up With Tamoxifen Treatment – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
Use of tamoxifen as an adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer was associated with an increased risk of endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, carcinoma, and other uterine cancers in Korean premenopausal women. https://t.co/JqnKjemjoW
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) November 29, 2022
RCT | Effects of a respiratory distress symptom intervention for lung cancer breathlessness–cough–fatigue symptom cluster
2 Mar, 2023 | 12:51h | UTC
Perspective | The inertia of clinical trials and unethical control arms in oncology
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:51h | UTCThe inertia of clinical trials and unethical control arms – Sensible Medicine
M-A | Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in partial nephrectomy for renal tumors
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:46h | UTCRelated:
Complete List of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Guidelines
Cardiovascular disease related to immune therapy: JACC: CardioOncology special focus issue
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:37h | UTCCardiovascular Disease Related to Immune Therapy: JACC: CardioOncology Special Focus Issue – JACC: CardioOncology
Homepage: Special Focus Issue: Immune Therapy
Cancer Immunotherapy Beyond Checkpoint Blockade: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review
Cardiotoxicity of T-Cell Antineoplastic Therapies: JACC: CardioOncology Primer
Related:
Cardiovascular complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer – European Heart Journal
Cardiotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors – ESMO Open
Cardiotoxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitors – IJC Heart & Vasculature
Review | Morbidity and mortality after surgery for retroperitoneal sarcoma
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:35h | UTCMorbidity and Mortality after Surgery for Retroperitoneal Sarcoma – Current Oncology
Cohort Study | Aggressive end-of-life care is still common among older adults with metastatic cancer in the US
27 Feb, 2023 | 13:11h | UTCSummary: The study aimed to compare the markers of aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care between older adults with metastatic cancer who are nursing home (NH) residents and those who live in community settings. The study analyzed data from 146,329 patients who died from metastatic breast, colorectal, lung, pancreas, or prostate cancer between 2013 and 2017, and found that aggressive EOL care was more common among NH residents than community-dwelling residents (63.6% vs. 58.3%). More than one hospital admission in the last 30 days of life and death in the hospital were the key markers associated with a higher prevalence of aggressive EOL care. The authors suggest that interventions targeting these factors could improve the quality of end-of-life care.
Onconephrology 2022: an update
27 Feb, 2023 | 12:58h | UTCOnconephrology 2022: An Update – Kidney360
Related:
Treatment of acute kidney injury in cancer patients – Clinical Kidney Journal
Onconephrology: Update in Anticancer Drug-Related Nephrotoxicity – Nephron
SR | Clinicopathological features of kidney injury related to immune checkpoint inhibitors
27 Feb, 2023 | 12:56h | UTCRelated:
Onconephrology 2022: An Update – Kidney360
Treatment of acute kidney injury in cancer patients – Clinical Kidney Journal
Onconephrology: Update in Anticancer Drug-Related Nephrotoxicity – Nephron
RCT | Epirubicin + Paclitaxel vs Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Paclitaxel in operable ERBB2-negative and lymph node–positive BC
27 Feb, 2023 | 12:55h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
RCT: Epirubicin + paclitaxel was non-inferior to the standard epirubicin + cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel in patients with operable HRBB2 negative and lymph nodes-positive breast cancer. https://t.co/Z672x44dQL pic.twitter.com/WdNJDtktLX
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) February 24, 2023
Review | Glioblastoma and other primary brain malignancies in adults
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:54h | UTCArticle: Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults: A Review – JAMA (free for a limited period)
Audio clinical review: Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults – JAMA
Commentary on Twitter
Review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant brain tumors in adults. https://t.co/pNKio61bN5
— JAMA (@JAMA_current) February 21, 2023
RCT | Electroacupuncture may improve opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:46h | UTCSummary: The study was a randomized clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with cancer pain. The trial included 100 patients with cancer and OIC who were randomly assigned to receive either EA or sham electroacupuncture (SA) for 24 sessions over 8 weeks. The study found that the proportion of overall responders was greater with EA (40,1%) than with SA (9,0%) at week 8, suggesting that EA treatment could be a safe and effective alternative for managing OIC in adult cancer patients. However, the trial’s limitations, such as the wide heterogeneity of cancer patients, the self-reported diary measurements, and the inability to blind acupuncturists, should be considered. Additionally, it’s worth noting that more patients in the EA group guessed that they received actual EA treatment compared to those who received SA (46 vs 22 patients).
Commentary on Twitter
RCT: Electroacupuncture (EA) could alleviate opioid-induced constipation in adult cancer patients with a good safety profile. EA may be considered as an alternative treatment for opioid-induced constipation. https://t.co/zywl2A14ij pic.twitter.com/9RhSVaZVSJ
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) February 22, 2023
M-A | Association of brain metastases with survival in patients with limited or stable extracranial disease
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:34h | UTC
M-A | Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected triple negative breast cancer patients
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC
Study suggests there is little added value from follow-up pelvic CT after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:39h | UTCSummary: The study investigated the added value of pelvic coverage at follow-up liver CT in detecting pelvic metastasis or incidental tumors in patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study found that the incidence of isolated pelvic metastasis or incidental pelvic tumor was low in patients treated for HCC. The cumulative rates of isolated pelvic metastasis and incidental pelvic tumor were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively, at 3 years. Only baseline T stage was associated with an increased risk of isolated pelvic metastasis. The study concludes that excluding the pelvic scan can reduce radiation dose and decrease the workload for radiologists. However, the study also had limitations, such as being retrospective and single-center. Therefore, more research is necessary to study the optimal scanning strategy for the pelvis and the effect of pelvic CT coverage on survival in patients with HCC.
Article: Added Value of Pelvic CT after Treatment of HCC – Radiology
RCT | Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction vs. total gastrectomy in upper-third early gastric cancer
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:29h | UTCSummary: This randomized trial examined whether laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DTR) is a superior surgical treatment compared to laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for patients with early gastric cancer (GC) in the upper third of the stomach. The study found that LPG-DTR resulted in significantly decreased amounts of vitamin B12 supplementation, but no significant difference in hemoglobin change compared to LTG. The study also found no difference in complication rates or overall and disease-free survival rates between the two groups. The study suggests that LPG-DTR may be a function-preserving procedure for the treatment of patients with upper-third early GC.
Commentary on Twitter
RCT: Proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction had an advantage of less vitamin B12 supplementation than total gastrectomy similar complication rates and survival in patients with upper third early gastric cancer. https://t.co/tdAktJxkpL pic.twitter.com/5miUbb9Ia6
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) February 15, 2023
SR | Psychological interventions for women with non‐metastatic breast cancer
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:19h | UTCPsychological interventions for women with non‐metastatic breast cancer – Cochrane Library
Cohort Study | Risk and timing of venous thromboembolism in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:08h | UTC