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Nutrition (all articles)

SR | Little to no impact of low glycemic index/glycemic load diets on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals

30 Jun, 2023 | 14:54h | UTC

Summary: This systematic review examined the impact of low glycaemic index or load (GI/GL) diets on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals, analyzing data from 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with 1,210 participants. The main outcomes included changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), adverse events, health-related quality of life, and mortality. The study showed that low GI/GL diets probably result in little to no difference in body weight and BMI changes compared to higher GI/GL diets or other diets. The evidence suggests a lack of effect on all main outcomes and the possible positive influence on mood remains uncertain.

The studies included in this review had a small sample size with a moderate to very low certainty of evidence. This suggests more well-structured studies with larger sample sizes are needed for firmer conclusions. Limitations of this review included the risk of bias, as many of the studies did not adopt objective outcome measurements and some had a high degree of loss to follow-up. Furthermore, the researchers recommend that future studies focus on diverse demographic groups and include participants from low- and middle-income countries.

Article: Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity – Cochrane Library

Summary: Do low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets help people with overweight or obesity to lose weight? – Cochrane Library

 


Phase 2 RCT | Triple-hormone-receptor (GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon) agonist Retatrutide substantially reduces body weight in obesity

28 Jun, 2023 | 13:23h | UTC

Summary: This Phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Retatrutide, a triple-hormone-receptor agonist of GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon, for obesity treatment. The study recruited 338 adults, predominantly male, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, or 27 to 30 with at least one weight-related condition. Participants were administered subcutaneous Retatrutide at varying doses or a placebo, once weekly for 48 weeks.

The findings indicate a dose-dependent weight loss efficacy for Retatrutide. At 24 weeks, Retatrutide users exhibited a mean body weight decrease ranging from 7.2% (1 mg dose) to 17.5% (12 mg dose), compared to a 1.6% reduction in the placebo group. This effect was even more pronounced at 48 weeks, with changes ranging from 8.7% (1 mg dose) to a striking 24.2% (12 mg dose), contrasted with a 2.1% reduction in the placebo group. Adverse events, primarily gastrointestinal, were common with Retatrutide, reported by 73 to 94% of patients, and were dose-related.

Retatrutide demonstrated substantial body weight reduction in adults with obesity, with a side effects profile similar to existing GLP-1 and GIP–GLP-1 receptor agonists. These promising results warrant further investigation through a Phase 3 trial to further ascertain the safety and efficacy of Retatrutide in obesity treatment.

Article: Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Phase 2 RCT | Triple receptor agonist (GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon) Retatrutide shows promising results in obese patients with T2DM

28 Jun, 2023 | 13:21h | UTC

Summary: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of Retatrutide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study involved 281 adults aged between 18 and 75 years with type 2 diabetes. These patients, with a mean HbA1c level of 8·3%, a mean BMI of 35·0 kg/m², and a mean body weight of 98·2 kg, were randomized to Retatrutide at various doses, Dulaglutide 1.5 mg, and placebo. Patients were treated with diet and exercise alone or a stable dose of metformin for at least three months prior to the study.

The primary outcomes revealed that at 24 weeks, participants who received the higher doses of Retatrutide demonstrated substantial improvements in HbA1c compared to the placebo group and those who received Dulaglutide. Specifically, for the highest-dose Retatrutide group (12 mg), HbA1c level was reduced by an average of 2.02%, which was significantly greater compared to a reduction of 0.01% in the placebo group and 1.41% in the Dulaglutide group.

Regarding body weight, at 36 weeks, participants receiving the different doses of Retatrutide showed a dose-dependent decrease: 3.19% for the 0.5 mg group, 7.92% for the 4 mg escalation group, 10.37% for the 4 mg group, 16.81% for the 8 mg slow escalation group, 16.34% for the 8 mg fast escalation group, and 16.94% for the 12 mg escalation group. This was significantly higher compared to the 3.00% weight loss in the placebo group and the 2.02% loss with 1.5 mg Dulaglutide.

Mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal adverse events were reported among 35% of the participants in the Retatrutide groups, similar to those in the Dulaglutide group, and no severe hypoglycemia or deaths were reported.

The implications of these findings suggest that Retatrutide provides clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control and bodyweight reduction with a safety profile consistent with GLP-1 receptor agonists and GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Limitations of the study include limitation of this study is the relatively short duration of the trial and small sample size. Long-term effects and safety of Retatrutide remain to be evaluated in further studies.

Article: Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 


Phase 2 RCT | Orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, significantly reduces weight in adults with obesity

26 Jun, 2023 | 00:58h | UTC

Summary: The article reports a phase 2, randomized, double-blind trial investigating the efficacy of the GLP-1 receptor agonist, orforglipron, as an oral weight loss treatment for adults with obesity or overweight plus at least one weight-related condition. The study involved 272 participants, who were administered orforglipron at varying doses or a placebo over a 36-week period.

The key findings of the study indicated significant weight reduction in individuals who were administered orforglipron. At 26 weeks, weight changes in the orforglipron group ranged from -8.6% to -12.6% compared to -2.0% in the placebo group. At 36 weeks, these figures were -9.4% to -14.7% for the orforglipron group and -2.3% for the placebo group. Furthermore, 46-75% of orforglipron recipients experienced a weight reduction of at least 10% by week 36, compared to 9% in the placebo group.

Improvements were also observed in all prespecified weight-related and cardiometabolic measures among orforglipron users. However, the treatment was associated with some mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects, leading to discontinuation in 10-17% of participants. The safety profile was in line with other GLP-1 receptor agonists. These findings suggest that orforglipron could potentially be an effective oral treatment for weight reduction in adults with obesity, though further research is needed to corroborate these results and assess long-term effects.

Article: Daily Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 


Review | The role of diet and nutrition in the management of COPD

19 Jun, 2023 | 13:47h | UTC

The role of diet and nutrition in the management of COPD – European Respiratory Review

 


Pre-clinical Study | Taurine deficiency and aging, a correlation found in mice, monkeys, and worms

12 Jun, 2023 | 13:53h | UTC

Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging – Science

Invited Commentary: Taurine linked with healthy aging – Science

News Release: Taurine May Be a Key to Longer and Healthier Life – Columbia University

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


RCT | Multivitamin supplementation may improve memory in aged adults

7 Jun, 2023 | 14:12h | UTC

Multivitamin Supplementation Improves Memory in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial – The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Releases:

Study finds daily multivitamin supplements improved memory and slowed cognitive aging in older adults – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Multivitamin Improves Memory in Older Adults, Study Finds – Columbia University

Related Research: Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial – Alzheimer’s & Dementia

 


SR | Limited evidence for vitamin and mineral supplements in delaying dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment

7 Jun, 2023 | 14:09h | UTC

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment – Cochrane Library

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials

1 Jun, 2023 | 11:56h | UTC

Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials – BMC Medicine

 


M-A | Plant-based diets reduce key atherogenic lipoproteins

30 May, 2023 | 11:48h | UTC

Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials – European Heart Journal

Editorial: Plant-based dietary patterns and atherogenic lipoproteins – European Heart Journal

 


Review | Child and adolescent obesity

30 May, 2023 | 11:45h | UTC

Child and adolescent obesity – Nature Reviews Disease Primers (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Review | Nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment for patients with kidney disease

29 May, 2023 | 10:43h | UTC

Nutritional Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment for Patients With Kidney Disease: A Primer – American Journal of Kidney Diseases

 


M-A | Optimizing enteral nutrition delivery by implementing volume-based feeding protocol for critically ill patients

24 May, 2023 | 13:13h | UTC

Optimizing enteral nutrition delivery by implementing volume-based feeding protocol for critically ill patients: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review – Critical Care

 


Opinion Video | Questioning the reliability of nutrition science

23 May, 2023 | 13:02h | UTC

Nutrition science is entirely unreliable | Don’t trust the New York Times Well section – By Dr Vinay Prasad

 


WHO advises not to use non-sugar sweeteners for weight control in newly released guideline

16 May, 2023 | 15:04h | UTC

News Release: WHO advises not to use non-sugar sweeteners for weight control in newly released guideline – World Health Organization

WHO Guideline: Use of non-sugar sweeteners – World Health Organization

Meta-Analysis: Health effects of the use of non-sugar sweeteners – World Health Organization

 


M-A | Evaluation of the effectiveness of telehealth chronic disease management system

16 May, 2023 | 14:55h | UTC

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Telehealth Chronic Disease Management System: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – Journal of Medical Internet Research

 


Review | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from a primary care perspective

15 May, 2023 | 12:57h | UTC

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from a primary care perspective – Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism

 


M-A | Adding exercise to hypocaloric diet doesn’t enhance weight loss or glycemic control in T2D patients

15 May, 2023 | 12:52h | UTC

Additional effects of exercise to hypocaloric diet on body weight, body composition, glycaemic control and cardio-respiratory fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Diabetic Medicine

 


M-A | Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension

11 May, 2023 | 12:02h | UTC

Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies – European Journal of Nutrition


M-A | Prevalence and outcomes of frailty in unplanned hospital admissions

9 May, 2023 | 14:45h | UTC

Prevalence and outcomes of frailty in unplanned hospital admissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hospital-wide and general (internal) medicine cohorts – eClinicalMedicine

 


Evidence-based recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes

8 May, 2023 | 12:56h | UTC

Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes – Diabetologia (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

 


AHA Scientific Statement | Assessing popular diets in relation to 2021 American Heart Association dietary recommendations

28 Apr, 2023 | 13:21h | UTC

Popular Dietary Patterns: Alignment With American Heart Association 2021 Dietary Guidance: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation

Top Things to Know: Popular Dietary Patterns: Alignment with AHA 2021 Dietary Guidance – American Heart Association

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


Cohort Study | Beverage consumption and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes

26 Apr, 2023 | 14:09h | UTC

Beverage consumption and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort study – The BMJ

Editorial: Beverages and health outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes – The BMJ

Commentary: Healthy Beverage Choices May Lower Mortality Risk in Adults with Diabetes – HCP Live

 


Review | What the clinician needs to know about medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients in 2023

26 Apr, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC

What the clinician needs to know about medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients in 2023: A narrative review – Nutrition in Clinical Practice

 


RCT | Bariatric–metabolic surgery is more effective than lifestyle intervention plus best medical care in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

24 Apr, 2023 | 14:03h | UTC

Bariatric–metabolic surgery versus lifestyle intervention plus best medical care in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (BRAVES): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial – The Lancet

News Release: Surgery most effective treatment of metabolic liver disease – King’s College London

 

Commentary on Twitter

 


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