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Randomized Trials

RCT: Imaging modality (CT vs. MRI) and frequency (seven scans over 60 months vs. three scans over 36 months) in surveillance of Stage I Seminoma Testicular Cancer.

21 Mar, 2022 | 08:39h | UTC

Imaging Modality and Frequency in Surveillance of Stage I Seminoma Testicular Cancer: Results From a Randomized, Phase III, Noninferiority Trial (TRISST) – Journal of Clinical Oncology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Early symptomatic improvement after ustekinumab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.

21 Mar, 2022 | 08:26h | UTC

Early symptomatic improvement after ustekinumab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis: 16-week data from the UNIFI trial – Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Nebulized Poractant Alfa in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome.

21 Mar, 2022 | 08:25h | UTC

A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Nebulized Poractant Alfa in Premature Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome – The Journal of Pediatrics

Commentary: Should we give up on nebulised surfactant? – Neonatal Research

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Cocoa flavanol supplementation shows promise for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events.

18 Mar, 2022 | 08:54h | UTC

Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for prevention of cardiovascular disease events: The COSMOS randomized clinical trial – American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Commentary: New trial finds signs of preventive cardiovascular effects for cocoa flavanols – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

Phase 2 RCT: Prophylactic use of garadacimab in patients with hereditary angioedema.

18 Mar, 2022 | 08:09h | UTC

Prophylactic use of an anti-activated factor XII monoclonal antibody, garadacimab, for patients with C1-esterase inhibitor-deficient hereditary angioedema: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Garadacimab significantly reduces frequency of hereditary angioedema exacerbations – Physician’s Weekly

 

RCT: Oral contezolid vs. linezolid in adults with complicated skin and soft tissue infections.

18 Mar, 2022 | 07:54h | UTC

A Phase III multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral contezolid versus linezolid in adults with complicated skin and soft tissue infections – Journal of Antimicrobial Therapy (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Short-term radiotherapy plus chemotherapy vs. long-term chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

18 Mar, 2022 | 07:39h | UTC

Multicenter, Randomized, Phase III Trial of Short-Term Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy Versus Long-Term Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (STELLAR) – Journal of Clinical Oncology

 

RCT: In women undergoing cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer, the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy did not improve progression-free and overall survival.

16 Mar, 2022 | 09:41h | UTC

Survival After Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Primary or Interval Cytoreductive Surgery in Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Surgery

Related:

M-A: Secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.

RCT: Cytoreductive surgery for relapsed ovarian cancer.

Guide to enhanced recovery for cancer patients undergoing surgery: ERAS for Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery with or Without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

 

Open Label RCT: Azithromycin for poorly controlled asthma in children.

15 Mar, 2022 | 08:39h | UTC

Azithromycin for Poorly Controlled Asthma in Children: A randomized controlled trial – CHEST (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Adding azithromycin to standard care improves asthma control, exacerbations in children – Healio

Related: Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma

 

RCT: Vortioxetine 5, 10, and 20 mg significantly reduces the risk of relapse compared with placebo in patients with remitted major depressive disorder.

14 Mar, 2022 | 01:03h | UTC

Vortioxetine 5, 10, and 20 mg significantly reduces the risk of relapse compared with placebo in patients with remitted major depressive disorder: The RESET study – Journal of Affective Disorders

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Methenamine Hippurate (a non-antibiotic preventive treatment) is noninferior to prophylactic antibiotics for treating recurrent urinary tract infections in women.

11 Mar, 2022 | 10:21h | UTC

Alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: multicentre, open label, randomised, non-inferiority trial – The BMJ

News Release: Antiseptic drug as good as antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections – BMJ Newsroom

Editorial: Methenamine hippurate for recurrent urinary tract infections – The BMJ

Commentaries:

Trial supports antibiotic alternative for recurrent urinary infections – CIDRAP

Nonantibiotic Prophylaxis Noninferior for Recurrent UTI – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

https://twitter.com/bmj_latest/status/1501800030608494596

 

RCT: Overall survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in advanced breast cancer.

11 Mar, 2022 | 09:47h | UTC

Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy offers survival benefit for postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer – University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center / News Medical

Adding Ribociclib to Letrozole Prolongs Survival in Advanced Breast Cancer – HealthDay

 

RCT: In pediatric ICUs, a bundled intervention that emphasized a physiologically focused cardiopulmonary resuscitation training did not improve outcomes in cardiac arrest.

11 Mar, 2022 | 09:37h | UTC

Effect of Physiologic Point-of-Care Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on Survival With Favorable Neurologic Outcome in Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric ICUs: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: CPR Intervention Failed to Improve Survival in Kids With Cardiac Arrest — Physiologically focused CPR training did not lead to difference in survival to discharge – MedPage Today (free registration required)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: In patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, a strategy of intra-arrest transport, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and immediate invasive assessment did not significantly improve survival with a favorable neurological outcome (OR 1.63; 95% CI 0.93 to 2.85; P = .09).

10 Mar, 2022 | 10:57h | UTC

Effect of Intra-arrest Transport, Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Immediate Invasive Assessment and Treatment on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Early Invasive Therapy for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest – American College of Cardiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

https://twitter.com/JAMA_current/status/1496183512025677829

 

RCT: Comparing methotrexate monotherapy with methotrexate plus leflunomide combination therapy in psoriatic arthritis.

10 Mar, 2022 | 10:27h | UTC

Comparing methotrexate monotherapy with methotrexate plus leflunomide combination therapy in psoriatic arthritis (COMPLETE-PsA): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, trial – The Lancet Rheumatology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: COMPLETE-PsA: Adding leflunomide to methotrexate may improve outcomes – medwireNews

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Reliever-triggered inhaled glucocorticoid reduces severe exacerbations in black and latinx adults with moderate-to-severe asthma.

9 Mar, 2022 | 10:06h | UTC

Reliever-Triggered Inhaled Glucocorticoid in Black and Latinx Adults with Asthma – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Patient-centered intervention improved asthma outcomes for Black and Latinx adults – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 

RCT: Combination treatment with Varenicline and Nicotine patch may increase smoking cessation rates among smokers who drink heavily.

9 Mar, 2022 | 08:44h | UTC

Effect of Combination Treatment With Varenicline and Nicotine Patch on Smoking Cessation Among Smokers Who Drink Heavily: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Combination treatment is effective for treating smokers who drink heavily – University of Chicago Medical Center

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Elective upper-neck vs. whole-neck irradiation of the uninvolved neck in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

9 Mar, 2022 | 08:17h | UTC

Elective upper-neck versus whole-neck irradiation of the uninvolved neck in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial – The Lancet Oncology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

Elective Upper-Neck vs Whole-Neck Irradiation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma – The ASCO Post

Lower Neck-Sparing RT Succeeds in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma— Phase III trial also shows that upper-neck irradiation leads to fewer late toxicities – MedPage Today (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Little long-term benefit from a small change approach to prevent weight gain in adults with overweight and obesity.

8 Mar, 2022 | 08:37h | UTC

A small change approach to prevent long-term weight gain in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial – Canadian Medical Association Journal

 

RCT: Efficacy and safety of switching to the 2-drug regimen Dolutegravir/Lamivudine vs. continuing a 3- or 4-Drug regimen for maintaining virologic suppression in adults living with HIV-1.

7 Mar, 2022 | 00:32h | UTC

Efficacy and Safety of Switching to the 2-Drug Regimen Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintaining Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With HIV-1: Week 48 Results From the Phase 3, Non-inferiority SALSA Randomized Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

 

RCT: Aspirin and unfractionated heparin increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:53h | UTC

Safety and efficacy of aspirin, unfractionated heparin, both, or neither during endovascular stroke treatment (MR CLEAN-MED): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in healthy late-preterm and term infants.

3 Mar, 2022 | 09:42h | UTC

Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentaries:

Nirsevimab Protects Late-Preterm, Term Infants from RSV-Related Lower RTI, Study Finds – AJMC

Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Wards Off RSV Infections in Healthy Infants— Monoclonal antibody showed 74.5% efficacy against RSV infections requiring medical care – MedPage Today (free registration required)

Related: Randomized trial: Single-dose nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in preterm infants

 

RCT: In patients with early-stage lung cancer, video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy is associated with better recovery of physical function at 5 weeks.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:42h | UTC

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic or Open Lobectomy in Early-Stage Lung Cancer – NEJM Evidence

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, clopidogrel monotherapy after 1 to 2 months of dual antiplatelet therapy was NOT noninferior to 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:32h | UTC

Comparison of Clopidogrel Monotherapy After 1 to 2 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With 12 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: The STOPDAPT-2 ACS Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Cardiology (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: In operated patients with head and neck cancer, chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin is noninferior to 3-weekly cisplatin and is associated with reduced toxicity.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:11h | UTC

Weekly Cisplatin Plus Radiation for Postoperative Head and Neck Cancer (JCOG1008): A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Phase II/III Randomized Controlled Trial – Journal of Clinical Oncology

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter

 

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