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Randomized Trials

RCT: Methenamine Hippurate (a non-antibiotic preventive treatment) is noninferior to prophylactic antibiotics for treating recurrent urinary tract infections in women.

11 Mar, 2022 | 10:21h | UTC

Alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: multicentre, open label, randomised, non-inferiority trial – The BMJ

News Release: Antiseptic drug as good as antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections – BMJ Newsroom

Editorial: Methenamine hippurate for recurrent urinary tract infections – The BMJ

Commentaries:

Trial supports antibiotic alternative for recurrent urinary infections – CIDRAP

Nonantibiotic Prophylaxis Noninferior for Recurrent UTI – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Overall survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in advanced breast cancer.

11 Mar, 2022 | 09:47h | UTC

Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy offers survival benefit for postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer – University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center / News Medical

Adding Ribociclib to Letrozole Prolongs Survival in Advanced Breast Cancer – HealthDay

 

RCT: In pediatric ICUs, a bundled intervention that emphasized a physiologically focused cardiopulmonary resuscitation training did not improve outcomes in cardiac arrest.

11 Mar, 2022 | 09:37h | UTC

Effect of Physiologic Point-of-Care Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on Survival With Favorable Neurologic Outcome in Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric ICUs: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: CPR Intervention Failed to Improve Survival in Kids With Cardiac Arrest — Physiologically focused CPR training did not lead to difference in survival to discharge – MedPage Today (free registration required)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: In patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, a strategy of intra-arrest transport, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and immediate invasive assessment did not significantly improve survival with a favorable neurological outcome (OR 1.63; 95% CI 0.93 to 2.85; P = .09).

10 Mar, 2022 | 10:57h | UTC

Effect of Intra-arrest Transport, Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Immediate Invasive Assessment and Treatment on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Early Invasive Therapy for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest – American College of Cardiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Comparing methotrexate monotherapy with methotrexate plus leflunomide combination therapy in psoriatic arthritis.

10 Mar, 2022 | 10:27h | UTC

Comparing methotrexate monotherapy with methotrexate plus leflunomide combination therapy in psoriatic arthritis (COMPLETE-PsA): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, trial – The Lancet Rheumatology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: COMPLETE-PsA: Adding leflunomide to methotrexate may improve outcomes – medwireNews

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Reliever-triggered inhaled glucocorticoid reduces severe exacerbations in black and latinx adults with moderate-to-severe asthma.

9 Mar, 2022 | 10:06h | UTC

Reliever-Triggered Inhaled Glucocorticoid in Black and Latinx Adults with Asthma – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Patient-centered intervention improved asthma outcomes for Black and Latinx adults – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 

RCT: Combination treatment with Varenicline and Nicotine patch may increase smoking cessation rates among smokers who drink heavily.

9 Mar, 2022 | 08:44h | UTC

Effect of Combination Treatment With Varenicline and Nicotine Patch on Smoking Cessation Among Smokers Who Drink Heavily: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Combination treatment is effective for treating smokers who drink heavily – University of Chicago Medical Center

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Elective upper-neck vs. whole-neck irradiation of the uninvolved neck in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

9 Mar, 2022 | 08:17h | UTC

Elective upper-neck versus whole-neck irradiation of the uninvolved neck in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial – The Lancet Oncology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

Elective Upper-Neck vs Whole-Neck Irradiation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma – The ASCO Post

Lower Neck-Sparing RT Succeeds in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma— Phase III trial also shows that upper-neck irradiation leads to fewer late toxicities – MedPage Today (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Little long-term benefit from a small change approach to prevent weight gain in adults with overweight and obesity.

8 Mar, 2022 | 08:37h | UTC

A small change approach to prevent long-term weight gain in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial – Canadian Medical Association Journal

 

RCT: Efficacy and safety of switching to the 2-drug regimen Dolutegravir/Lamivudine vs. continuing a 3- or 4-Drug regimen for maintaining virologic suppression in adults living with HIV-1.

7 Mar, 2022 | 00:32h | UTC

Efficacy and Safety of Switching to the 2-Drug Regimen Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintaining Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With HIV-1: Week 48 Results From the Phase 3, Non-inferiority SALSA Randomized Trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases

 

RCT: Aspirin and unfractionated heparin increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:53h | UTC

Safety and efficacy of aspirin, unfractionated heparin, both, or neither during endovascular stroke treatment (MR CLEAN-MED): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in healthy late-preterm and term infants.

3 Mar, 2022 | 09:42h | UTC

Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentaries:

Nirsevimab Protects Late-Preterm, Term Infants from RSV-Related Lower RTI, Study Finds – AJMC

Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Wards Off RSV Infections in Healthy Infants— Monoclonal antibody showed 74.5% efficacy against RSV infections requiring medical care – MedPage Today (free registration required)

Related: Randomized trial: Single-dose nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in preterm infants

 

RCT: In patients with early-stage lung cancer, video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy is associated with better recovery of physical function at 5 weeks.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:42h | UTC

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic or Open Lobectomy in Early-Stage Lung Cancer – NEJM Evidence

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, clopidogrel monotherapy after 1 to 2 months of dual antiplatelet therapy was NOT noninferior to 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:32h | UTC

Comparison of Clopidogrel Monotherapy After 1 to 2 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With 12 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: The STOPDAPT-2 ACS Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Cardiology (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: In operated patients with head and neck cancer, chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin is noninferior to 3-weekly cisplatin and is associated with reduced toxicity.

3 Mar, 2022 | 08:11h | UTC

Weekly Cisplatin Plus Radiation for Postoperative Head and Neck Cancer (JCOG1008): A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Phase II/III Randomized Controlled Trial – Journal of Clinical Oncology

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter

 

Cluster RCT: In adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, placement of a supraglottic airway device resulted in similar rates of sustained return of spontaneous circulations compared to endotracheal intubation.

2 Mar, 2022 | 09:07h | UTC

Effect of Placement of a Supraglottic Airway Device vs Endotracheal Intubation on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Taipei, Taiwan: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Cardiac Arrest Patients Don’t Necessarily Do Better With Intubation— Debate on prehospital advanced airway management continues – MedPage Today (free registration required)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with personalized hip therapy in people over 16 years old with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

2 Mar, 2022 | 09:04h | UTC

Abstract: Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with personalised hip therapy in people over 16 years old with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: UK FASHIoN RCT – Health Technology Assessment

Download Full Report

Related: Randomized Trial: Arthroscopic Hip Surgery vs. Physiotherapy and Activity Modification for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement

 

RCT: Referral for early, supported exercise after breast cancer surgery improves shoulder function and health-related quality of life.

1 Mar, 2022 | 08:50h | UTC

Abstract: Exercise to prevent shoulder problems after breast cancer surgery: the PROSPER RCT – Health Technology Assessment

Full Report: Exercise to prevent shoulder problems after breast cancer surgery: the PROSPER RCT – Health Technology Assessment

Related: RCT: Prophylactic Use of Compression Sleeves Reduces the Incidence of Arm Swelling in Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema.

 

RCT: Sublingual dexmedetomidine reduces mild to moderate acute agitation in patients with bipolar disorder.

23 Feb, 2022 | 10:18h | UTC

Effect of Sublingual Dexmedetomidine vs Placebo on Acute Agitation Associated With Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Editorial: Sublingual Dexmedetomidine as a Potential New Treatment for Agitation – JAMA (free for a limited period)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Full endoscopic discectomy non-inferior to open discectomy in patients with sciatica.

22 Feb, 2022 | 10:11h | UTC

Full endoscopic versus open discectomy for sciatica: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial – The BMJ

Commentary: Full-endoscopic transforaminal discectomy is “an effective alternative” to open microdiscectomy in treating sciatica – Spinal News International

 

RCT: Time to functional recovery after laser tonsillotomy performed under local anesthesia vs. conventional tonsillectomy with general anesthesia among adults.

22 Feb, 2022 | 08:22h | UTC

Time to Functional Recovery After Laser Tonsillotomy Performed Under Local Anesthesia vs Conventional Tonsillectomy With General Anesthesia Among Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT: Sub dissociative dose of ketamine with haloperidol vs. fentanyl on pain reduction in patients with acute pain in the emergency department.

21 Feb, 2022 | 08:37h | UTC

Sub dissociative dose of ketamine with haloperidol versus fentanyl on pain reduction in patients with acute pain in the emergency department; a randomized clinical trial – The American Journal of Emergency Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Low-dose aspirin did not significantly reduce the risk of preterm birth in women with a previous spontaneous preterm birth (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.20; p = 0.32).

21 Feb, 2022 | 08:33h | UTC

Evaluation of low-dose aspirin in the prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm labour (the APRIL study): A multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial – PLOS Medicine

 

RCT: Single-dose metronidazole vs. treatment for 7 days for treating Trichomonas vaginalis in women.

21 Feb, 2022 | 08:23h | UTC

A Comparison of Single-Dose Versus Multidose Metronidazole by Select Clinical Factors for the Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women – Sexually Transmitted Diseases (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT: Two vs. three courses of preoperative cisplatin and fluorouracil plus docetaxel for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

21 Feb, 2022 | 08:25h | UTC

Multicenter randomised trial of two versus three courses of preoperative cisplatin and fluorouracil plus docetaxel for locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma – British Journal of Cancer (link to abstract – read for free here)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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