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Pediatrics (all articles)

RCT: In Infants with infantile hemangioma, nadolol is noninferior to propranolol and may be an efficacious and safe alternative in cases of propranolol unresponsiveness or adverse events.

18 Nov, 2021 | 08:29h | UTC

Noninferiority and Safety of Nadolol vs Propranolol in Infants With Infantile Hemangioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Oral Nadolol Feasible for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

New ACR radiation diagnostic reference levels for top 10 pediatric CT exams.

18 Nov, 2021 | 08:31h | UTC

News Release: New Radiation Diagnostic Reference Levels for Top 10 Pediatric CT Exams – American College of Radiology

Original Guideline: U.S. Diagnostic Reference Levels and Achievable Doses for 10 Pediatric CT Examinations – Radiology

Commentary: ACR releases new benchmarks to help radiology departments optimize radiation dose levels – Health Imaging

 

Long-term follow up of randomized trials found that children who were given nutrient or supplement enriched formula milk as babies didn’t have higher academic performances as adolescents.

17 Nov, 2021 | 08:14h | UTC

News release: Study finds no benefit of enriched formula milks on later academic performance – British Medical Journal

Original Study: Effect of nutritionally modified infant formula on academic performance: linkage of seven dormant randomised controlled trials to national education data – The BMJ

Editorial: Enriched formula milks and academic performance in later childhood – The BMJ

 

Commentary on Twitter

https://twitter.com/bmj_company/status/1458691047933026307

 

#AHA21 – RCT: Among children and adolescents who had screening echocardiograms and were identified as having latent rheumatic heart disease, secondary antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillin G benzathine for 2 years was associated with reduced echocardiographic progression (0.8 vs. 8.2% in the control group).

14 Nov, 2021 | 20:03h | UTC

Secondary Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

Penicillin significantly reduces rheumatic heart disease progression in children – Murdoch Children’s Research Institute

Penicillin slows devastating impacts of rheumatic heart disease in children from Uganda – Children’s National Hospital

Secondary Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease – American College of Cardiology

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

Cohort study suggests low-dose vs. standard radiation dose CT have similar diagnostic accuracy in suspected acute appendicitis.

14 Nov, 2021 | 19:37h | UTC

News release: Doctors can use CT scans with less radiation to diagnose appendicitis – Oxford University

Original study: Diagnostic accuracy using low-dose versus standard radiation dose CT in suspected acute appendicitis: prospective cohort study – British Journal of Surgery (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

14 Nov, 2021 | 19:45h | UTC

Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 – The Lancet

Commentary: Nearly two-thirds of those who died young in 2019 were male, research finds – The Guardian

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

Assessment of arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid for the treatment of pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia.

14 Nov, 2021 | 19:32h | UTC

Assessment of Arsenic Trioxide and All-trans Retinoic Acid for the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group AAML1331 Trial – JAMA Oncology

News release: Drug combination helps children with acute promyelocytic leukemia avoid conventional chemotherapy – NIH News Releases

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – “In total, 99.995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

12 Nov, 2021 | 10:39h | UTC

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year – Nature

Related:

[Preprint] Study confirms children’s extremely low risk of death from Covid-19 – “99·995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

Study: Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

WHO, CDC | Global progress against measles threatened amidst COVID-19 pandemic.

12 Nov, 2021 | 10:27h | UTC

News Release: Global progress against measles threatened amidst COVID-19 pandemic – World Health Organization

Report: Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2020 – CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Commentary: Measles is a renewed global threat after 22 million babies missed their vaccines during the pandemic, CDC warns – CNN

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

An Update on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to SARS-CoV-2.

11 Nov, 2021 | 08:52h | UTC

An Update on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to SARS-CoV-2 – The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal

Related:

Ten Things to Know About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An Overview and Comparison.

Cohort study: Six month follow-up of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, there was no evidence that recovery differed after primary treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, initial treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone.

Cohort study showed that the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was 316 persons per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons younger than 21 years. The incidence was higher among Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander persons.

Cohort study showed good recovery for most children 6 months after Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Step Closer to Understanding Who, Where, and When

Neurologic involvement in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Clinical Update: Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Differences in characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) vs. severe acute COVID-19

Cutaneous findings in SARS-CoV-2-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children (MIS-C)

SR: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19

Observational study: The combination of Immunoglobulins + Methylprednisolone was associated with a better course of fever compared to Immunoglobulins alone in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children

ACR Guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS‐CoV‐2

New systematic review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 infection summarizes the clinical features, management, and outcomes of the disease, showing favorable outcomes for the majority of children

 

Whole genome sequencing may improve the diagnosis of rare diseases and shorten diagnostic journeys for patients.

11 Nov, 2021 | 08:46h | UTC

News Release: Whole genome sequencing improves diagnosis of rare diseases and shortens diagnostic journeys for patients – Queen Mary University of London

Original Study: 100,000 Genomes Pilot on Rare-Disease Diagnosis in Health Care — Preliminary Report – New England Journal of Medicine

Related:

RCT: Effect of whole-genome sequencing on the clinical management of acutely ill infants with suspected genetic disease.

Review: Genome sequencing as a diagnostic test.

 

RCT: Universal screening in high schools can help identify and initiate treatment for depression in adolescents.

11 Nov, 2021 | 08:35h | UTC

Screening in High Schools to Identify, Evaluate, and Lower Depression Among Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

News release: School-based screening increases identification of, treatment for depression – Penn State

Commentaries:

Universal Depression Screening in Schools—Promises and Challenges in Addressing Adolescent Mental Health Need – JAMA Network Open

Universal School-Based Depression Screening May Connect More Students to Care – Psychiatric News Alert

 

Commentaries on Twitter

 

RCT: Pfizer vaccine shows 90.7% efficacy for preventing Covid-19 in children 5 to 11 years of age.

10 Nov, 2021 | 07:24h | UTC

Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age – New England Journal of Medicine

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cohort study: In utero exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate linked to increased risk of cancer in offspring.

10 Nov, 2021 | 06:59h | UTC

In utero exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and risk of cancer in offspring – American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentary: Drug used to prevent miscarriage increases risk of cancer in offspring – The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Related: Randomized Trial: Injectable 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone Not Effective for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth

 

Choosing Wisely: Nine pediatric otolaryngology recommendations.

9 Nov, 2021 | 01:09h | UTC

Choosing Wisely Canada – pediatric otolaryngology recommendations – Journal of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery

See complete lists of low-value practices: Choosing Wisely U.S. / Choosing Wisely UK / Choosing Wisely Australia AND Choosing Wisely Canada

 

Viewpoint | Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccines: What Parents, Practitioners, and Policy Makers Need to Know.

7 Nov, 2021 | 20:31h | UTC

Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccines: What Parents, Practitioners, and Policy Makers Need to Know – JAMA

 

Viewpoint | Children and COVID-19 in schools.

7 Nov, 2021 | 20:24h | UTC

Children and COVID-19 in schools – Science

Related:

Instead of quarantine for Covid-exposed students, some schools are trying test-to-stay.

Cluster RCT: Daily contact testing of school-based contacts was non-inferior to self-isolation for control of COVID-19 transmission.

Kids are losing school days to quarantines. Here’s a way to keep them in classrooms – “Test-to-stay could dramatically reduce close contact quarantines”.

Opinion | Data from routine Covid testing can help schools stay open this year.

CDC Report: Schools without mask requirements were more likely to have Covid-19 outbreaks.

Perspective | Schools have begun mass testing for COVID-19. But hurdles and uncertainties remain.

COVID and schools: the evidence for reopening safely.

COVID studies note online learning stress, fewer cases in schools with protocols

 

[Not published yet] Chinese drug firm Sinovac says Covid-19 vaccine safe for children and babies as young as six months old.

7 Nov, 2021 | 20:32h | UTC

Chinese drug firm Sinovac says Covid-19 vaccine safe for children, babies as young as six months old; submits data to Hong Kong government – South China Morning Post

Related:

Randomized phase 1/2 trial: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, in children and adolescents aged 3–17 years.

Phase 1/2 RCT: CoronaVac is well tolerated and safe and induces strong humoral responses in children and adolescents aged 3–17 years.

 

Ten Things to Know About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

4 Nov, 2021 | 10:00h | UTC

Ten Things to Know About MIS-C – American College of Cardiology

Related:

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An Overview and Comparison.

Cohort study: Six month follow-up of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, there was no evidence that recovery differed after primary treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, initial treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone.

Cohort study showed that the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was 316 persons per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons younger than 21 years. The incidence was higher among Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander persons.

Cohort study showed good recovery for most children 6 months after Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Step Closer to Understanding Who, Where, and When

Neurologic involvement in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Clinical Update: Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Differences in characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) vs. severe acute COVID-19

Cutaneous findings in SARS-CoV-2-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children (MIS-C)

SR: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19

Observational study: The combination of Immunoglobulins + Methylprednisolone was associated with a better course of fever compared to Immunoglobulins alone in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children

ACR Guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS‐CoV‐2

New systematic review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 infection summarizes the clinical features, management, and outcomes of the disease, showing favorable outcomes for the majority of children

 

A national HPV vaccination program in England was associated with an estimated reduction in cervical cancer rates of 87% for those offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years.

4 Nov, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study – The Lancet

Related:

Nationwide cohort study in Sweden shows HPV vaccination linked to reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer

CDC: 92% of Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers can be Targeted by HPV Vaccination

Meta-Analysis: Population-level Impact of HPV Vaccination Programs

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:11h | UTC

ACIP Presentation Slides: November 2-3, 2021 Meeting – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Commentaries:

CDC advisors give go-ahead to COVID-19 vaccines for young kids – CIDRAP

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11 – STAT

American Academy of Pediatrics Applauds CDC Advisory Committee’s Approval of Safe, Effective COVID-19 Vaccine for Children Ages 5-11

 

Adolescents’ recreational screen time doubled during pandemic, affecting mental health.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:06h | UTC

News release: Adolescents’ recreational screen time doubled during pandemic, affecting mental health – University of California, San Francisco

Original Study: Screen Time Use Among US Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Kids nearly doubled screen time during the pandemic, but there is something you can do about it – CNN

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter

 

RCT: Among children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged within 48 hours from the ED or hospital, lower-dose outpatient oral amoxicillin was noninferior to a higher dose, and a 3-day duration course was noninferior to 7 days.

3 Nov, 2021 | 09:56h | UTC

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Related:

RCT: 5 days of high-dose amoxicillin therapy noninferior to 10 days for the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

Randomized Trial: Amoxicillin for 3 Days Noninferior to Amoxicillin for 5 Days for Chest-Indrawing Pneumonia in Children

ACP Guidance: Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections

RCT: 7 days of antibiotic therapy as good as 14 days for afebrile men with urinary tract infection.

RCT: A Seven-days course of antibiotics for the treatment of bloodstream infections by Enterobacterales was noninferior to a 14-days course.

RCT: Among patients with prosthetic joint infection, antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks was NOT shown to be noninferior to antibiotic therapy for 12 weeks and resulted in a higher percentage of patients with unfavorable outcomes.

Randomized Trial: Seven vs. Fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

AAP Policy Statement: Preventing Home Medication Administration Errors.

3 Nov, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

Preventing Home Medication Administration Errors – Pediatrics

Commentary: Ways to Prevent Children’s Medication Errors at Home – American Academy of Pediatrics

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:58h | UTC

Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States – Pediatrics

Related:

Thirty-Day Outcomes of Children and Adolescents With COVID-19: An International Experience – “Despite negligible fatality, complications including hospitalization, hypoxemia, and pneumonia were more frequent in children and adolescents with COVID-19 than with influenza”.

Deaths from COVID ‘incredibly rare’ among children.

[Preprint] Study confirms children’s extremely low risk of death from Covid-19 – “99·995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

 

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