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Infectious Diseases (all articles)

Study compares the decline in effectiveness for Moderna, Pfizer, and Janssen vaccines and consequences for mortality.

5 Nov, 2021 | 09:59h | UTC

Original study: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021 – Science

News release: Breakthrough Infection Study Compares Decline in Vaccine Effectiveness and Consequences for Mortality – Public Health Institute

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review: SARS-CoV-2 indoor air transmission is a threat that can be addressed with science.

5 Nov, 2021 | 09:55h | UTC

SARS-CoV-2 indoor air transmission is a threat that can be addressed with science – Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences

Related:

Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Editorial: Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission

Covid-19: What do we know about airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2?

Real-world data show that filters clean COVID-causing virus from air.

Perspective | The plan to stop every respiratory virus at once – “The benefits of ventilation reach far beyond the coronavirus. What if we stop taking colds and flus for granted, too?”

Recommendations for ventilation of indoor spaces to reduce COVID-19 transmission.

We studied how to reduce airborne COVID spread in hospitals. Here’s what we learnt.

Report: Improved ventilation essential to safe use of buildings and public spaces, say leading engineers.

WHO: Roadmap to improve and ensure good indoor ventilation in the context of COVID-19

CDC releases new ventilation guidelines for indoor environments to reduce Covid-19 risk

Guidance: Using Ventilation and filtration to reduce aerosol transmission of COVID-19 in long-term care homes

It’s not just SARS-CoV-2: Most respiratory viruses spread by aerosols.

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020 – this time series analysis showed there were more than 28 million excess years of life lost in 2020 in 31 countries.

5 Nov, 2021 | 09:56h | UTC

Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries – The BMJ

Related:

Global Covid-19 deaths surpass five million.

Under-reporting of deaths limits our understanding of true burden of covid-19.

Study shows COVID-19 has caused the biggest decrease in life expectancy since World War II.

Just how do deaths due to COVID-19 stack up?

Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic with the World Mortality Dataset.

Exploring the gap between excess mortality and COVID-19 deaths in 67 countries.

Report: Three new estimates of India’s all-cause excess mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic – pandemic death toll estimated to be between 3.4 million and 4.9 million excess deaths.

COVID-19 has caused 6.9 million deaths globally, more than double what official reports show

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

The U.K. approves Merck’s COVID-19 antiviral pill, calling it a world first.

5 Nov, 2021 | 09:51h | UTC

The U.K. approves Merck’s COVID-19 antiviral pill, calling it a world first – NPR

Related:

Merck to allow other nations to produce new COVID-19 antiviral.

Video: Merck’s Covid pill could transform treatment. Here’s how it works.

How antiviral pill Molnupiravir shot ahead in the COVID drug hunt.

What we know — and don’t know — about Merck’s new Covid-19 pill.

[Press release – not published yet] Merck announces oral antiviral Molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by approximately 50 Percent compared to placebo for patients with mild or moderate COVID-19.

Merck’s Covid-19 pill is great news but may not be a game-changer.

Video | A Pill For COVID? A Doctor Explains Molnupiravir.

 

Debate: Are vaccine passports and covid passes a valid alternative to lockdown?

5 Nov, 2021 | 09:53h | UTC

Are vaccine passports and covid passes a valid alternative to lockdown? – The BMJ

News Release: Covid passes: the best way of preventing another lockdown or a threat to civil freedoms and rights? – BMJ

 

Observational study showed J&J single shot vaccine had an effectiveness of 74% against symptomatic Covid-19.

4 Nov, 2021 | 10:08h | UTC

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S Adenoviral Vector Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19 – JAMA Network Open

Commentaries:

Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine—Room for Improvement – JAMA Network Open

Real-world study shows J&J COVID-19 vaccine 74% effective – CIDRAP

Related:

J&J COVID-19 Vaccine: FDA recommends booster shot for all adults aged 18 and older at least two months following initial vaccination with the single-shot vaccine.

[Press release – not published yet] J&J says booster shot at two months provided 75% protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 globally and 94% of such cases in the U.S.

CDC Report: Moderna’s vaccine associated with greater effectiveness (93%) against Covid-19 hospitalization compared to Pfizer (88%) and J&J (71%) vaccines.

[Preprint] Observational study finds single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine is 76.7% effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection

RCT: Single-Dose Johnson & Johnson Vaccine has 85% efficacy against severe/critical Covid-19 and maintains efficacy against variant B.1.351

 

WHO issues emergency use approval for India’s Covaxin.

4 Nov, 2021 | 10:11h | UTC

WHO issues emergency use listing for eighth COVID-19 vaccine – World Health Organization

Commentaries:

WHO Gives India’s Covaxin Approval, Opening the Door to COVAX distribution – Health Policy Watch

WHO green-lights India’s COVID vaccine as global cases rise – CIDRAP

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

CDC Guidance: Immunocompromised may need a fourth Covid-19 shot.

4 Nov, 2021 | 10:06h | UTC

Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Approved or Authorized in the United States – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Commentaries:

Immunocompromised may need a fourth Covid-19 shot, CDC says – CNN

Some immunocompromised people can receive a 4th Covid shot, CDC says – NBC News

 

Ten Things to Know About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

4 Nov, 2021 | 10:00h | UTC

Ten Things to Know About MIS-C – American College of Cardiology

Related:

Cohort study: long term follow-up showed most patients with post–COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children had good outcomes with no significant medium- or long-term sequelae.

Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An Overview and Comparison.

Cohort study: Six month follow-up of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, there was no evidence that recovery differed after primary treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone.

Cohort study: Among children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) associated with Covid-19, initial treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone.

Cohort study showed that the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was 316 persons per 1 000 000 SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons younger than 21 years. The incidence was higher among Black, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander persons.

Cohort study showed good recovery for most children 6 months after Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Step Closer to Understanding Who, Where, and When

Neurologic involvement in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Clinical Update: Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Differences in characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) vs. severe acute COVID-19

Cutaneous findings in SARS-CoV-2-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children (MIS-C)

SR: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19

Observational study: The combination of Immunoglobulins + Methylprednisolone was associated with a better course of fever compared to Immunoglobulins alone in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children

ACR Guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS‐CoV‐2

New systematic review of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 infection summarizes the clinical features, management, and outcomes of the disease, showing favorable outcomes for the majority of children

 

ASH Guideline issued a conditional recommendation against routine use of outpatient anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 being discharged from the hospital.

4 Nov, 2021 | 10:03h | UTC

American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: July 2021 update on post-discharge thromboprophylaxis – Blood Advances

 

M-A: Zinc might help to stave off respiratory infection symptoms and cut illness duration – “But quality of evidence variable, and no clarity on optimal formulation or dose”.

4 Nov, 2021 | 09:53h | UTC

News Release: Zinc might help to stave off respiratory infection symptoms and cut illness duration – BMJ

Original Study: Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials – BMJ Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

A national HPV vaccination program in England was associated with an estimated reduction in cervical cancer rates of 87% for those offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years.

4 Nov, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study – The Lancet

Related:

Nationwide cohort study in Sweden shows HPV vaccination linked to reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer

CDC: 92% of Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers can be Targeted by HPV Vaccination

Meta-Analysis: Population-level Impact of HPV Vaccination Programs

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy—number needed to vaccinate to avoid harm.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:09h | UTC

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy—number needed to vaccinate to avoid harm – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Related:

A case-controlled study showed Covid-19 vaccination during early pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of first-trimester miscarriage.

Editorial: Covid-19 treatments and vaccines must be evaluated in pregnancy.

AstraZeneca vaccination not linked to reduced fertility rates and adverse birth outcomes.

Cohort study: Vaccinated pregnant patients had 90% lower risk of severe or critical Covid-19 compared with unvaccinated pregnant patients.

Two observational studies suggest spontaneous abortion is not increased following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during pregnancy.

Study shows high effectiveness of the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy.

5 Crucial Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines and Pregnancy.

CDC Guidance: Pregnant people should be vaccinated against COVID-19.

ACOG and SMFM Recommend COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Individuals – “ACOG encourages its members to enthusiastically recommend vaccination to their patients.”

Cohort study: Pfizer/BioNTech COVID vaccine associated with 78% lower risk of Covid-19 in pregnancy.

 

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:11h | UTC

ACIP Presentation Slides: November 2-3, 2021 Meeting – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Commentaries:

CDC advisors give go-ahead to COVID-19 vaccines for young kids – CIDRAP

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11 – STAT

American Academy of Pediatrics Applauds CDC Advisory Committee’s Approval of Safe, Effective COVID-19 Vaccine for Children Ages 5-11

 

Adolescents’ recreational screen time doubled during pandemic, affecting mental health.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:06h | UTC

News release: Adolescents’ recreational screen time doubled during pandemic, affecting mental health – University of California, San Francisco

Original Study: Screen Time Use Among US Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Kids nearly doubled screen time during the pandemic, but there is something you can do about it – CNN

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter

 

Short Review: Cardiac injury in Covid-19.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:04h | UTC

Cardiac injury in COVID-19 – Intensive Care Medicine

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review: The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of Covid-19.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:05h | UTC

The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Insights into Imaging

 

RCT: Among children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged within 48 hours from the ED or hospital, lower-dose outpatient oral amoxicillin was noninferior to a higher dose, and a 3-day duration course was noninferior to 7 days.

3 Nov, 2021 | 09:56h | UTC

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Related:

RCT: 5 days of high-dose amoxicillin therapy noninferior to 10 days for the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

Randomized Trial: Amoxicillin for 3 Days Noninferior to Amoxicillin for 5 Days for Chest-Indrawing Pneumonia in Children

ACP Guidance: Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections

RCT: 7 days of antibiotic therapy as good as 14 days for afebrile men with urinary tract infection.

RCT: A Seven-days course of antibiotics for the treatment of bloodstream infections by Enterobacterales was noninferior to a 14-days course.

RCT: Among patients with prosthetic joint infection, antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks was NOT shown to be noninferior to antibiotic therapy for 12 weeks and resulted in a higher percentage of patients with unfavorable outcomes.

Randomized Trial: Seven vs. Fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Global Covid-19 deaths surpass five million.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:59h | UTC

Global Covid-19 deaths surpass five million – CNN

See also:

The COVID-19 pandemic has now killed 5 million people around the world – NPR

G20 leaders back COVID measures as deaths top 5 million – CIDRAP

Covid-19 deaths pass five million worldwide – BBC

Related:

Under-reporting of deaths limits our understanding of true burden of covid-19.

Study shows COVID-19 has caused the biggest decrease in life expectancy since World War II.

Just how do deaths due to COVID-19 stack up?

Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic with the World Mortality Dataset.

Exploring the gap between excess mortality and COVID-19 deaths in 67 countries.

Report: Three new estimates of India’s all-cause excess mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic – pandemic death toll estimated to be between 3.4 million and 4.9 million excess deaths.

COVID-19 has caused 6.9 million deaths globally, more than double what official reports show

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review: Infectious disease in an era of global change.

3 Nov, 2021 | 09:50h | UTC

Infectious disease in an era of global change – Nature Reviews Microbiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

In Covid-19 vaccinated people, those with prior infection are likely to have more antibodies.

2 Nov, 2021 | 03:03h | UTC

News release: In Covid-19 Vaccinated People, Those with Prior Infection Likely to Have More Antibodies – Johns Hopkins Medicine

Original Article: Durability of Antibody Levels After Vaccination With mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Individuals With or Without Prior Infection – JAMA

 

A comprehensive review of vascular complications in COVID-19.

2 Nov, 2021 | 03:01h | UTC

A comprehensive review of vascular complications in COVID-19 – Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis

 

J&J Covid-19 vaccination is associated with increased risk of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

2 Nov, 2021 | 03:02h | UTC

Age- and Sex-Specific Incidence of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated With Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccination – JAMA

Commentary: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Rate Up After Ad26.COV2.S Shot – HealthDay

 

Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:58h | UTC

Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States – Pediatrics

Related:

Thirty-Day Outcomes of Children and Adolescents With COVID-19: An International Experience – “Despite negligible fatality, complications including hospitalization, hypoxemia, and pneumonia were more frequent in children and adolescents with COVID-19 than with influenza”.

Deaths from COVID ‘incredibly rare’ among children.

[Preprint] Study confirms children’s extremely low risk of death from Covid-19 – “99·995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

 

Study shows increased risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome following vaccination with recombinant zoster vaccine – “an attributable risk of 3 cases per million RZV (Shingrix) doses”.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:45h | UTC

Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Medicare Beneficiaries – JAMA Internal Medicine (free for a limited period)

Related: FDA Requires a Warning about Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) be Included in the Prescribing Information for Shingrix

 

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