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Family Medicine

M-A: Zinc might help to stave off respiratory infection symptoms and cut illness duration – “But quality of evidence variable, and no clarity on optimal formulation or dose”.

4 Nov, 2021 | 09:53h | UTC

News Release: Zinc might help to stave off respiratory infection symptoms and cut illness duration – BMJ

Original Study: Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials – BMJ Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review: Lower carbohydrate diets for adults with type 2 diabetes.

4 Nov, 2021 | 09:55h | UTC

Lower carbohydrate diets for adults with type 2 diabetes – British Journal of Nutrition

Related:

Meta-analysis of randomized trials: patients adhering to a low carbohydrate diet for six months may experience remission of diabetes without adverse consequences

Low carbohydrate diet: Insights from a general practice service in patients with type 2 diabetes

Position Statement on Low-Carbohydrate Diets for Adults with Diabetes

Low Carbohydrate Diets for Diabetes: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines

Systematic Review: Low‐carbohydrate Diets for Type 2 Diabetes Management

Practical Guide: Adapting Diabetes Medication for Low Carbohydrate Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Observational Study: Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low–Carbohydrate Diet

Study: Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction Improves Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Weight Loss

Research: Carbohydrate-last meal pattern lowers postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in type 2 diabetes

 

A national HPV vaccination program in England was associated with an estimated reduction in cervical cancer rates of 87% for those offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years.

4 Nov, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study – The Lancet

Related:

Nationwide cohort study in Sweden shows HPV vaccination linked to reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer

CDC: 92% of Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers can be Targeted by HPV Vaccination

Meta-Analysis: Population-level Impact of HPV Vaccination Programs

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy—number needed to vaccinate to avoid harm.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:09h | UTC

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy—number needed to vaccinate to avoid harm – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Related:

A case-controlled study showed Covid-19 vaccination during early pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of first-trimester miscarriage.

Editorial: Covid-19 treatments and vaccines must be evaluated in pregnancy.

AstraZeneca vaccination not linked to reduced fertility rates and adverse birth outcomes.

Cohort study: Vaccinated pregnant patients had 90% lower risk of severe or critical Covid-19 compared with unvaccinated pregnant patients.

Two observational studies suggest spontaneous abortion is not increased following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during pregnancy.

Study shows high effectiveness of the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy.

5 Crucial Things to Know About COVID-19 Vaccines and Pregnancy.

CDC Guidance: Pregnant people should be vaccinated against COVID-19.

ACOG and SMFM Recommend COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Individuals – “ACOG encourages its members to enthusiastically recommend vaccination to their patients.”

Cohort study: Pfizer/BioNTech COVID vaccine associated with 78% lower risk of Covid-19 in pregnancy.

 

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:11h | UTC

ACIP Presentation Slides: November 2-3, 2021 Meeting – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Commentaries:

CDC advisors give go-ahead to COVID-19 vaccines for young kids – CIDRAP

CDC advisers endorse Pfizer’s Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11 – STAT

American Academy of Pediatrics Applauds CDC Advisory Committee’s Approval of Safe, Effective COVID-19 Vaccine for Children Ages 5-11

 

Adolescents’ recreational screen time doubled during pandemic, affecting mental health.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:06h | UTC

News release: Adolescents’ recreational screen time doubled during pandemic, affecting mental health – University of California, San Francisco

Original Study: Screen Time Use Among US Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary: Kids nearly doubled screen time during the pandemic, but there is something you can do about it – CNN

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter

 

Review: The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of Covid-19.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:05h | UTC

The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Insights into Imaging

 

RCT: Among children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged within 48 hours from the ED or hospital, lower-dose outpatient oral amoxicillin was noninferior to a higher dose, and a 3-day duration course was noninferior to 7 days.

3 Nov, 2021 | 09:56h | UTC

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Related:

RCT: 5 days of high-dose amoxicillin therapy noninferior to 10 days for the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

Randomized Trial: Amoxicillin for 3 Days Noninferior to Amoxicillin for 5 Days for Chest-Indrawing Pneumonia in Children

ACP Guidance: Appropriate Use of Short-Course Antibiotics in Common Infections

RCT: 7 days of antibiotic therapy as good as 14 days for afebrile men with urinary tract infection.

RCT: A Seven-days course of antibiotics for the treatment of bloodstream infections by Enterobacterales was noninferior to a 14-days course.

RCT: Among patients with prosthetic joint infection, antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks was NOT shown to be noninferior to antibiotic therapy for 12 weeks and resulted in a higher percentage of patients with unfavorable outcomes.

Randomized Trial: Seven vs. Fourteen Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteremia

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

AAP Policy Statement: Preventing Home Medication Administration Errors.

3 Nov, 2021 | 09:58h | UTC

Preventing Home Medication Administration Errors – Pediatrics

Commentary: Ways to Prevent Children’s Medication Errors at Home – American Academy of Pediatrics

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

AHA Scientific Statement: 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health.

3 Nov, 2021 | 10:00h | UTC

2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association – Circulation

News release: New look at nutrition research identifies 10 features of a heart-healthy eating pattern – American Heart Association

Top Things to Know: 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health – American Heart Association

Commentaries:

‘Balance’ is the key word in new dietary guidance for heart health – American Heart Association

The new American Heart Association dietary guidance to improve population-level cardiometabolic health: moving toward a heart-healthy food environment – American Heart Association

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

J&J Covid-19 vaccination is associated with increased risk of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

2 Nov, 2021 | 03:02h | UTC

Age- and Sex-Specific Incidence of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated With Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccination – JAMA

Commentary: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Rate Up After Ad26.COV2.S Shot – HealthDay

 

Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:58h | UTC

Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States – Pediatrics

Related:

Thirty-Day Outcomes of Children and Adolescents With COVID-19: An International Experience – “Despite negligible fatality, complications including hospitalization, hypoxemia, and pneumonia were more frequent in children and adolescents with COVID-19 than with influenza”.

Deaths from COVID ‘incredibly rare’ among children.

[Preprint] Study confirms children’s extremely low risk of death from Covid-19 – “99·995% of children and young people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test survived”.

 

Increased temperatures contributed to more than 200,000 cases of kidney disease in 15 years in Brazil alone.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:46h | UTC

News release: Increased temperatures contributed to more than 200,000 cases of kidney disease in 15 years in Brazil alone, world’s largest study finds – Monash University

Original Study: Association between Ambient Temperature and Hospitalization for Renal Diseases in Brazil during 2000–2015: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study – The Lancet Regional Health Americas

 

Study shows increased risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome following vaccination with recombinant zoster vaccine – “an attributable risk of 3 cases per million RZV (Shingrix) doses”.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:45h | UTC

Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Medicare Beneficiaries – JAMA Internal Medicine (free for a limited period)

Related: FDA Requires a Warning about Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) be Included in the Prescribing Information for Shingrix

 

Short Review: Metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity.

2 Nov, 2021 | 02:41h | UTC

Metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity – Canadian medical Association Journal

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Study shows fully vaccinated individuals can still catch SARS-CoV-2 delta variant and efficiently transmit infection in household settings, including to fully vaccinated contacts.

31 Oct, 2021 | 20:16h | UTC

Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Commentaries:

COVID vaccines effective but household transmission of delta a risk for 1 in 4 – Imperial College London

What is the vaccine effect on reducing transmission in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant? – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

CoVID-19 vaccines lower risk of infection with delta variant, but infection can still be passed on in household settings – the Lancet

COVID vaccines protect against Delta but don’t fully stop disease spread – CIDRAP

Covid: Double vaccinated can still spread virus at home – BBC

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

CDC Study: COVID-19 vaccine associated with 5 times the protection of ‘natural immunity’.

31 Oct, 2021 | 20:09h | UTC

Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity — Nine States, January–September 2021 – CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Commentaries:

COVID-19 vaccine gives 5 times the protection of ‘natural immunity,’ data show – CIDRAP

COVID shots more protective than past infection, study shows – Associated Press

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

NICE Guideline | Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management.

31 Oct, 2021 | 20:03h | UTC

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

Commentaries:

Chronic fatigue syndrome advice scraps exercise therapy – BBC

ME exercise therapy guidance scrapped by health watchdog Nice – The Guardian

 

Study suggests smoking cessation, but not reduction, is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

31 Oct, 2021 | 19:59h | UTC

Smoking cessation, but not reduction, reduces cardiovascular disease incidence – European Heart Journal (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Update to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Caring for the ‘long-haulers’.

29 Oct, 2021 | 10:20h | UTC

Update to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Caring for the ‘long-haulers’ – Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

Related:

Systematic Review: Short-term and long-term rates of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

WHO Consensus: A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition (Long Covid).

Characterizing long COVID: a living systematic review.

Long Covid – The illness narratives.

New guidelines to help doctors manage long COVID patients published.

M-A: More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19. (several articles on the subject)

 

2021 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain.

29 Oct, 2021 | 09:57h | UTC

2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Executive Summary: 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

News Release: First-Ever Guideline Focused Solely on Chest Pain Evaluation, Diagnosis Released

Guideline Hub: Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain

Key Points: 2021 AHA/ACC Chest Pain Guideline – American College of Cardiology

Commentary: New Chest Pain Guidelines Out at Last: Most Tests Have a Role – TCTMD

 

Commentary on Twitter (thread – click for more)

 

Systematic Review: GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors are likely to reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and death from any cause in people with both diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.

29 Oct, 2021 | 09:52h | UTC

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta‐analysis – Cochrane Library

Summary: The effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease – Cochrane Library

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Stimulant prescription linked to increased short-term risks of cardiovascular events in older adults.

29 Oct, 2021 | 09:47h | UTC

Assessment of Stimulant Use and Cardiovascular Event Risks Among Older Adults – JAMA Network Open

Commentaries:

Use of stimulants in older adults associated with higher risk for cardiovascular events in first month – University of Toronto

Stimulants Linked to Early Risk of CV Events in Elderly – TCTMD

Stimulants May Pose Short-Term Cardiovascular Risks in Older Adults – Psychiatric News Alert

 

RCT: Early treatment with fluvoxamine reduced the risk of emergency care and hospitalization among patients with COVID-19.

28 Oct, 2021 | 10:22h | UTC

Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial – The Lancet Global Health

Commentaries:

Expert reaction to study looking at fluvoxamine as a COVID-19 treatment in high-risk outpatients with early-diagnosed COVID-19 – Science Media Centre

The TOGETHER Trial: COVID-19 and Fluvoxamine Take Two – REBEL EM

The antidepressant fluvoxamine can keep COVID-19 patients out of the hospital – ScienceNews

Related:

[Preprint] RCT: Fluvoxamine reduced the risk for ER visits and hospitalization among patients with Covid-19.

Opinion | Could this be our first effective, inexpensive, widely available outpatient treatment for COVID-19? (It’s fluvoxamine).

Preliminary study shows fluvoxamine may reduce clinical deterioration in outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Two observational studies cast doubt on the effects of school closures to reduce the spread of Covid-19.

28 Oct, 2021 | 10:17h | UTC

Study 1: No causal effect of school closures in Japan on the spread of COVID-19 in spring 2020 – Nature Medicine

Study 2: The impact of school opening model on SARS-CoV-2 community incidence and mortality – Nature Medicine

 

Commentaries on Twitter

(thread – click for more)

 

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