Risk factors for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales infections: a matched case-control study

Summary: The study aimed to investigate risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and identify variables that increase the probability of CRE infection among admitted patients in hospitals with high CRE incidence.

The study was performed in 50 hospitals in Southern Europe from March 2016 to November 2018 and included patients with complicated urinary tract infection, complicated intraabdominal infection, pneumonia, or bacteremia from other sources due to CRE. Control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales and non-infected patients, matched according to the same criteria as the CRE group (type of infection, ward, and duration of hospital admission).

The results showed that the main risk factors for CRE infections were previous colonization with CRE, use of urinary catheters, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics.

The study’s findings offer evidence to inform decisions about preventive measures and empirical treatment for patients with suspected CRE infections. Additionally, the study can guide the efficient design of future randomized trials focusing on high-risk patients.

Article: Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA) – eClinicalMedicine

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