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“We replicated 21 social science experiments in Science or Nature. We succeeded with 13. Replication effect sizes were half of originals.” (via @BrianNosek see Tweet)

Guideline Synopsis: Diagnosis and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:51h | UTC

Diagnosis and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection – JAMA (free for a limited period) (via @ABsteward and @Abraham_RMI)

Original Guideline: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficileInfection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) – Clinical Infectious Diseases (free)

CHEST Guideline: Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:56h | UTC

Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report (free PDF)

News Release: The American College of Chest Physicians updates their antithrombotic therapy guidelines for patients with atrial fibrillation (free)

Randomized Trial: High-Sensitivity Troponin in the Evaluation of Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:49h | UTC

High-sensitivity troponin in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial – The Lancet (free)

Commentaries: Diagnosing myocardial infarction: a highly sensitive issue – The Lancet (free) AND Hs-TnI in Suspected ACS: High-STEACS Trial – American College of Cardiology (free) AND Is High Sensitivity Troponin Too Sensitive? – NEJM Journal Watch (free)

“Introduction of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay reclassified 1 in 6 patients with previously undetected myocardial necrosis, but did not lead to improved clinical outcomes in this large randomised trial” (via @chapdoc1 see Tweet)

“Very important study. What’s weird is that the “better” (more sensitive) troponin assays get, the less helpful the test becomes at the bedside. Look for a coming tsunami of iatrogenesis from overzealous evaluation of troponin bumps.” (via @drjohnm see Tweet)

Guideline: Management of Hypertensive Emergencies

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:45h | UTC

ESC Council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies – European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy (free) (@Abraham_RMI)

“Patients that lack acute hypertension-mediated end organ damage to the heart, retina, brain, kidneys, or large arteries do not have a hypertensive emergency and can be treated with oral BP-lowering agents and usually discharged after a brief period of observation.”

Guideline: Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:48h | UTC

ERS/EACTS statement on the management of malignant pleural effusions – European Respiratory Journal (free)

Evidence Review: Optimal Blood Pressure Target in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Hypertensive Patients

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:44h | UTC

Optimal Blood Pressure Target in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Hypertensive Patients – Circulation Research (free)

See counterpoint suggesting lower BP targets: Sprinting Toward the Optimal Blood Pressure Target for Hypertensive Patients – Circulation Research (free)

“We have reviewed the randomized trial evidence in favor of a target blood pressure (BP) around 130/80 mm Hg in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus”

Study: Vitamin D Not Linked to Fracture Risk

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:43h | UTC

Assessment of the genetic and clinical determinants of fracture risk: genome wide association and mendelian randomisation study – The BMJ (free)

Commentaries: Vitamin D: a pseudo-vitamin for a pseudo-disease – The Conversatio n (free) AND Fracture risk not linked to low vitamin D or calcium levels – OnMedica (free)

Related: Vitamin D, the Sunshine Supplement, Has Shadowy Money Behind It (free commentaries and NICE Guideline)

Meta-Analysis: Environmental Toxic Metal Contaminants and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:42h | UTC

Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis – The BMJ (free)

Editorial: Environmental metals and cardiovascular disease (free)

Commentary: Experts warn of cardiovascular risk from heavy metal pollution – University of Cambridge (free)

“Since metals are associated with cardiovascular disease even at relatively low levels of exposure, population wide strategies to minimize exposure can further contribute to overall cardiovascular prevention efforts” (from @bmj_latest see Tweet)

Study: Bacterial Factors That Predict Relapse after Tuberculosis Therapy

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:41h | UTC

Bacterial Factors That Predict Relapse after Tuberculosis Therapy – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries: Bacterial Factors That Predict Relapse after Antituberculosis Therapy – NEJM Resident 360 (free) AND MICs of Isoniazid, Rifampin May Predict Tuberculosis Relapse – Drugs.com (free) AND Variation in bacterial drug susceptibility tied to TB relapse risk – CHEST Physician (free)

Clinical Decisions: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:39h | UTC

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – New England Journal of Medicine (free)

Perspective: Revisiting the Timetable of Tuberculosis

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:40h | UTC

Revisiting the timetable of tuberculosis – The BMJ (free)

New CDC Analysis Shows Steep and Sustained Increases in STDs in Recent Years

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:37h | UTC

2018 STD Prevention Conference – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (free)

Press Release: New CDC analysis shows steep and sustained increases in STDs in recent years (free)

Commentaries: 5 reasons why 3 STDs are roaring back in America – VOX (free) AND Rates of three STDs in US reach record high, CDC says – CNN (free) AND Record High Number Of STD Infections In U.S., As Prevention Funding Declines – NPR (free) AND STD cases in U.S. hit record highs as officials warn about resistant gonorrhea – STAT (free) AND US sees record STD cases, rising gonorrhea resistance – CIDRAP (free)

Perspective: Clinical Implications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:36h | UTC

Clinical Implications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Related Viewpoints: Deep Learning—A Technology With the Potential to Transform Health Care – JAMA (free for a limited period) AND Deep Learning—A Technology With the Potential to Transform Health Care – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Study: Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Oncologist Authors of Reports of Clinical Drug Trials

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:34h | UTC

Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Oncologist Authors of Reports of Clinical Drug Trials – JAMA Oncology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries: Financial disclosure lacking in publication of clinical trials – eCancer News (free) AND Oncologist-Authors Often Do Not Fully Disclose Financial Relationships with Pharmaceutical Companies – MedicalResearch.com (free) AND One-third of oncologist authors fail to disclosure industry payments – Healio News (free registration required)

Publication: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:35h | UTC

Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health: Proceedings of a Workshop – National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (free PDF)

“Immigration as a social determinant of health – NEW publication explores complex interactions between immigration and health disparities + grappling with the complexities of immigration” (via @julianmfisher see Tweet)

Study: Functional Status and Survival After Breast Cancer Surgery in Nursing Home Resident

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:34h | UTC

Functional Status and Survival After Breast Cancer Surgery in Nursing Home Residents – JAMA Surgery (free for a limited period)

Commentaries: Surgical Decision Making in Elderly, Impaired Nursing Home Patients – JAMA Surgery (free for a limited period) AND For Nursing Home Patients, Breast Cancer Surgery May Do More Harm Than Good – Kaiser Health News (free)

Perspective: Earwax, Of All Things, Poses Unrecognized Risk In Long-Term Care

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:32h | UTC

Earwax, Of All Things, Poses Unrecognized Risk In Long-Term Care – Kaiser Health News (free)

“Of all the indignities that come with aging, excessive earwax may be the most insidious… when it goes unrecognized, it can pose serious problems, especially for the 2.2 million people who live in U.S. nursing homes and assisted living centers.”

Guideline: Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis

31 Aug, 2018 | 02:31h | UTC

Guideline for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis – Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (free PDF)

News Release: Updated osteoarthritis guideline designed to reduce unnecessary imaging and surgery (free)

Commentary: Australia hopes to reduce unnecessary imaging, surgery with updated osteoarthritis guidelines – Health Imaging (free)

““The Guideline for the management of knee and hip osteoarthritis,” offer up exercise and weight loss as a first line defense, and warn against costly treatments using glucosamine, opioids and arthroscopic surgery, said David Hunter, co-chair of the RACGP group responsible for the update.” (from Health Imaging)