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Internal Medicine

RCT | Direct oral challenge noninferior to skin testing followed by direct oral challenge in low-risk penicillin allergy patients

18 Jul, 2023 | 13:54h | UTC

Efficacy of a Clinical Decision Rule to Enable Direct Oral Challenge in Patients With Low-Risk Penicillin Allergy: The PALACE Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Internal Medicine (free for a limited period)

See also: Visual Abstract

News Release: World-first clinical trial to help millions with penicillin allergies – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Commentary: Trial supports use of direct oral challenge for penicillin allergy – CIDRAP

 

RCT | Donanemab slows early symptomatic Alzheimer’s progression, but raises serious safety concerns

18 Jul, 2023 | 13:51h | UTC

Donanemab in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease: The TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Editorials:

Donanemab for Alzheimer Disease—Who Benefits and Who Is Harmed? – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Amyloid-Targeting Monoclonal Antibodies for Alzheimer Disease – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Ushering in a New Era of Alzheimer Disease Therapy – JAMA (free for a limited period)

See also: Visual Abstract

Commentary: Expert reaction to results from Eli Lilly on its anti-amyloid drug donanemab – Science Media Centre

Related: RCT | Lecanemab slows cognitive decline in early Alzheimer’s disease but raises safety concerns.

 

RCT | Midodrine show promise as an alternative to albumin for the prevention of circulatory disturbance in paracentesis between 3 and 5 L

18 Jul, 2023 | 13:47h | UTC

Midodrine versus Albumin to Prevent Paracentesis Induced Circulatory Dysfunction in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Patients in the Outpatient Clinic–a Randomized Controlled Trial – Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

 

Cohort study | High-risk patent foramen ovale associated with increased decompression illness in scuba divers

18 Jul, 2023 | 13:43h | UTC

Decompression Illness in Divers With or Without Patent Foramen Ovale: A Cohort Study – Annals of Internal Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: SCUBA divers with PFO at higher risk for decompression illness than previously thought – American College of Physicians

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cohort study | Poor sensitivity of procalcitonin-on-admission for ruling out bloodstream infections in patients with suspected sepsis

18 Jul, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC

Reliability of Admission Procalcitonin Testing for Capturing Bacteremia Across the Sepsis Spectrum: Real-World Utilization and Performance Characteristics, 65 U.S. Hospitals, 2008–2017 – Critical Care Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

RCT | Prostatic artery embolization improves symptoms more than combined medical therapy in BPH patients

18 Jul, 2023 | 13:34h | UTC

Prostatic artery embolisation versus medical treatment in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (PARTEM): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3, superiority trial – The Lancet Regional Health – Europe

 

Guideline | Antibiotic therapy in patients with suspected antibiotic allergy

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC

The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB) guideline for the approach to suspected antibiotic allergy – Clinical Microbiology and Infection

 

RCT | No definitive benefit of enoxaparin over placebo in preventing VTE in hospitalized older adults

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:57h | UTC

Enoxaparin versus Placebo to Prevent Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Older Adult Medical Patients – NEJM Evidence

 

M-A | One-year usage of elastic compression stockings comparable to two for post-thrombotic syndrome prevention

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:49h | UTC

Is it necessary to wear compression stockings and how long should they be worn for preventing post thrombotic syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials – Thrombosis Research

Commentary: Are Compression Stockings Beneficial for Preventing Post-Thrombotic Syndrome After Deep Venous Thrombosis? – NEJM Journal Watch

 

Systematic Review | Criteria to achieve safe antimicrobial intravenous-to-oral switch in hospitalized adult populations

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:34h | UTC

Criteria to achieve safe antimicrobial intravenous-to-oral switch in hospitalised adult populations: a systematic rapid review – BMJ Open

 

Meta-Analysis | Nearly 6% of first-episode psychosis patients exhibit clinically relevant MRI abnormalities

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC

Prevalence of Neuroradiological Abnormalities in First-Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Psychiatry

News Release: Routine brain scanning may improve clinical care for people with psychosis – University of Oxford

 

Case Series | Cutibacterium acnes endocarditis often misdiagnosed due to absence of typical symptoms and delayed culture results

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Cutibacterium acnes Endocarditis – JAMA Network Open

 

Cohort Study | Mental disorders linked to increased cardiovascular events in young patients

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:20h | UTC

Increased cardiovascular events in young patients with mental disorders: a nationwide cohort study – European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (free for a limited period)

News Release: Under 40s with mental health problems have elevated risks of heart attack and stroke – European Society of Cardiology

 

RCT | 4-week course of subcutaneous ketamine shows efficacy in treatment-resistant depression

17 Jul, 2023 | 13:17h | UTC

Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial – British Journal of Psychiatry

News Release: Ketamine effective for treatment-resistant depression: Clinical trial – University of New South Wales

Related:

RCT | Ketamine non-Inferiority to ECT for nonpsychotic resistant depression

M-A | Electroconvulsive therapy may be superior to ketamine for patients with major depressive episode

RCT | Assessing low-dose ketamine’s antidepressant & antisuicidal effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression

M-A | Efficacy and safety of ketamine vs. electroconvulsive therapy among patients with major depressive episode.

 

Consensus Paper | Implementing strategies to prevent infections in acute-care settings

14 Jul, 2023 | 13:03h | UTC

Implementing strategies to prevent infections in acute-care settings – Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology

News Release: New guidance for infection prevention in acute care settings – Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

Related:

Practice Recommendation | Strategies to prevent MRSA transmission and infection in hospitals

Consensus Paper | Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals

Consensus Paper | Strategies to prevent Clostridioides difficile infections in acute-care hospitals

SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene: 2022 Update – Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology

SHEA statement on antibiotic stewardship in hospitals during public health emergencies – Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology

Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated events, and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update – Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology

Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update – Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology

 

M-A | First-line thiazide diuretics show reduced cardiovascular events, comparable mortality vs. other antihypertensive drugs

14 Jul, 2023 | 12:55h | UTC

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension – Cochrane Library

Summary: What are the benefits and harms of diuretics given as a first treatment compared to other drug classes for hypertension (high blood pressure)? – Cochrane Library

 

Quality Improvement Study | Improved asymptomatic bacteriuria management by reduction of unnecessary urine culture requests

14 Jul, 2023 | 12:54h | UTC

A Statewide Quality Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria – JAMA Internal Medicine

Related:

Diagnostic stewardship for urinary tract infection: A snapshot of the expert guidance – Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

Study: Hospital Intervention Resulted in a 45% Reduction in the Urine Cultures Ordered

Optimal Urine Culture Diagnostic Stewardship Practice—Results from an Expert Modified-Delphi Procedure – Clinical Infectious Diseases

USPSTF Recommendation Statement: Screening for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults

Cohort Study: Antibiotic Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Hospitalized Patients is Common, and May be Associated with Longer Duration of Hospitalization

Inappropriate Management of Asymptomatic Patients With Positive Urine Cultures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – Open Forum Infectious Diseases

IDSA Guideline for the Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cohort Study | No significant difference in kidney risks between lithium and valproate therapies, but high lithium levels remain a concern

14 Jul, 2023 | 12:46h | UTC

Absolute and Relative Risks of Kidney Outcomes Associated With Lithium vs Valproate Use in Sweden – JAMA Network Open

 

RCT | Swallowing and oral-care program enhances oral-feeding resumption and reduces pneumonia post-extubation

14 Jul, 2023 | 12:44h | UTC

Effects of a swallowing and oral-care program on resuming oral feeding and reducing pneumonia in patients following endotracheal extubation: a randomized, open-label, controlled trial – Critical Care

 

Cohort Study | Long-term cancer survivors face higher risk of noncancer death

14 Jul, 2023 | 12:38h | UTC

Relative Burden of Cancer and Noncancer Mortality Among Long-Term Survivors of Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer in the US – JAMA Network Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

M-A | Adjunctive corticosteroids improve survival, clinical outcomes in severe community-acquired pneumonia

13 Jul, 2023 | 13:09h | UTC

Efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials – Critical Care

Related:

Corticosteroids in Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: a Systematic Review, Pairwise and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis – Journal of General Internal Medicine (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

RCT | Hydrocortisone reduces mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia

Effect of corticosteroids on mortality and clinical cure in community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized control trials – CHEST

Corticosteroids for CAP, influenza and COVID-19: when, how and benefits or harm? – European Respiratory Review

ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia

 

Review | Cushing Syndrome

13 Jul, 2023 | 13:08h | UTC

Cushing Syndrome: A Review – JAMA (free for a limited period)

Audio clinical review: Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing Syndrome – JAMA

 

RCT | Metformin boosts effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention in individuals with impaired glucose regulation

13 Jul, 2023 | 13:07h | UTC

Safety and effectiveness of metformin plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle intervention alone in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial – The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Related Study: Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

Single Arm Trial | Low-carbohydrate diet improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

13 Jul, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC

Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with type 1 diabetes management: A single arm non-randomised clinical trial – PLOS One

Related:

Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low–Carbohydrate Diet – Pediatrics (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Meta-analysis of randomized trials: patients adhering to a low carbohydrate diet for six months may experience remission of diabetes without adverse consequences

RCT | A calorie-unrestricted low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet resulted in short-term weight loss and better glycemic control.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets, in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials – Nutrients

Consensus Statement: Effect of carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting on obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension management.

Effects of a 6-month, low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: An open-label randomized controlled trial – Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism

Lower carbohydrate diets for adults with type 2 diabetes – British Journal of Nutrition

Low carbohydrate diet: Insights from a general practice service in patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Canada Position Statement on Low-Carbohydrate Diets for Adults With Diabetes: A Rapid Review – Canadian Journal of Diabetes

Low Carbohydrate Diets for Diabetes: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines – Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health

Adapting diabetes medication for low carbohydrate management of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide – British Journal of General Practice

 

RCT| Exercise during hemodialysis improves physical function in chronic kidney failure patients

13 Jul, 2023 | 13:01h | UTC

Exercise during Hemodialysis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure – NEJM Evidence

 

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