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Infectious Diseases (all articles)

Excess mortality among US physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic

16 Feb, 2023 | 15:14h | UTC

Excess Mortality Among US Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic – JAMA Internal Medicine

Commentaries:

More than 600 US doctors died than expected early in COVID pandemic – CIDRAP

Hundreds of U.S. Doctors Lost Their Lives During Pandemic – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

M-A | Worldwide prevalence of antibiotic-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

16 Feb, 2023 | 15:04h | UTC

Summary: The article examined the prevalence Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) associated with antibiotics worldwide. The analysis included 38 studies involving 2,917 patients, which showed that 28% of SJS/TEN cases were associated with antibiotics. Among antibiotic-associated SJS/TEN, the sulfonamide class was associated with 32% of cases, followed by penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides.

Article: Worldwide Prevalence of Antibiotic-Associated Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Dermatology (free for a limited period)

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 

Review | Female genital tuberculosis

16 Feb, 2023 | 14:42h | UTC

Female Genital Tuberculosis – Open Forum Infectious Diseases

 

USPSTF reaffirms recommendation against serologic screening for genital herpes infection

15 Feb, 2023 | 16:17h | UTC

Summary: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against routine screening for genital herpes infection in asymptomatic adolescents, adults, and pregnant women, as the potential harms of such screening outweigh the benefits. This recommendation is based on a systematic evaluation of the available evidence, and the USPSTF has moderate certainty in its conclusion.*

Article: Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement – JAMA

Evidence Report: Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force – JAMA

Editorials:

Reducing HSV-2 Morbidity and MortalityRoutine Serologic Screening Still Not the Best Answer – JAMA

Reaffirmed USPSTF Recommendation Against Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: Empowering Clinicians and Reducing Potential Harm – JAMA Dermatology (free for a limited period)

Author Interview: Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes Infection – JAMA

JAMA Patient Page: Screening for Genital Herpes

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 

RCT | Antimicrobial therapy for 7 days is inferior to treatment for 14 days in men with febrile urinary tract infection

15 Feb, 2023 | 16:11h | UTC

Summary: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 7-day versus 14-day antibiotic treatment for febrile urinary tract infections in men. The multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial enrolled 282 men from 27 centers in France. The primary endpoint was treatment success, defined as a negative urine culture, the absence of fever, and no subsequent antibiotic treatment between the end of treatment and 6 weeks after day 1. The results showed that the 14-day treatment was superior to the 7-day treatment, with a treatment success rate of 77.6% versus 55.7%, respectively. Adverse events were similar in both groups, and rectal carriage of resistant Enterobacterales did not differ. Therefore, the study concludes that treatment with ofloxacin for 7 days is inferior to 14 days for febrile UTI in men and should not be recommended.*

Article: Antimicrobial for 7 or 14 days for febrile urinary tract infection in men: a multicenter noninferiority double blind placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial – Clinical Infectious Diseases (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

 

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

 

Cohort Study | Incidence of acute cardiac events during COVID-19-associated hospitalizations

15 Feb, 2023 | 16:05h | UTC

Acute Cardiac Events During COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Editorial: Acute Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: The High Risk of Underlying Heart Disease – Journal of the American College of Cardiology

 

Retrospective Study | Post-cardiac surgery fungal mediastinitis: clinical features, pathogens and outcome

15 Feb, 2023 | 15:40h | UTC

Post-cardiac surgery fungal mediastinitis: clinical features, pathogens and outcome – Critical Care

 

Late diagnosis of HIV: an updated consensus definition

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:49h | UTC

Late diagnosis of HIV: An updated consensus definition – HIV Medicine

 

Single-arm study | Effects of SER-109 as an investigational microbiome therapeutic in recurrent C. difficile infection

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:47h | UTC

Summary: This was a phase 3, open-label, single-arm trial of 263 adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI). The trial aimed to evaluate the safety and rate of CDI recurrence after administration of the investigational microbiome therapeutic SER-109. The trial found that SER-109 was well tolerated and the overall rate of recurrent CDI was low, regardless of the number of prior recurrences, demographics, or diagnostic approach.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

 

Article: Safety and Tolerability of SER-109 as an Investigational Microbiome Therapeutic in Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 3, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Phase 3 trial provides more positive data for recurrent C diff microbiome drug – CIDRAP

Related:

RCT: Among patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, the use of SER-109, an oral microbiome therapy, reduced recurrence rate compared to placebo (12% vs. 40%).

Post-trial follow-up | Microbiome therapeutic SER-109 through 24 weeks for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.

 

Eight countries eliminated a neglected tropical disease in 2022

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:45h | UTC

Eight countries eliminated a neglected tropical disease in 2022 – Nature

Original report: WHO Global report on neglected tropical diseases 2023

 

Cohort study | Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in ICU patients

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:44h | UTC

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study – Intensive Care Medicine (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cohort Study | Global epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and associated carbapenemases

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:43h | UTC

Global epidemiology and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and associated carbapenemases (POP): a prospective cohort study – The Lancet Microbe

 

M-A | Prevalence of ocular candidiasis and Candida endophthalmitis in patients with candidemia

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:43h | UTC

Prevalence of ocular candidiasis and Candida endophthalmitis in patients with candidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Clinical Infectious Diseases

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Recommended adult immunization schedule, United States, 2023

13 Feb, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC

Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2023 – Annals of Internal Medicine

Commentary: Recommended 2023 Adult Immunization Schedule Published – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Azithromycin reduces the risk of maternal sepsis or death in women planning a vaginal birth

13 Feb, 2023 | 13:02h | UTC

Azithromycin to Prevent Sepsis or Death in Women Planning a Vaginal Birth – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

News Release: Single-dose antibiotic prevents maternal sepsis and death – NIH News

Commentaries:

In large study, a single antibiotic dose slashed rate of sepsis in childbirth – STAT

Dose of azithromycin found to cut risk of maternal death, sepsis in childbirth – CIDRAP

Single dose of the antibiotic azithromycin decreases sepsis and death risk during childbirth – News Medical/ University of Virginia Health System

 

Updated child and adolescent immunization schedule, United States, 2023

13 Feb, 2023 | 13:05h | UTC

Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age – Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention

See also: Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: United States, 2023 – Pediatrics

Commentary: Immunization Schedule for Children, Teens Updated for 2023 – HealthDay

 

US infant pertussis incidence trends before and after implementation of the maternal Tdap vaccine

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:38h | UTC

US Infant Pertussis Incidence Trends Before and After Implementation of the Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Commentary: Maternal Tdap Vaccination Protects Youngest Infants From Pertussis – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Guideline for management of septic arthritis in native joints

10 Feb, 2023 | 14:00h | UTC

Guideline for management of septic arthritis in native joints (SANJO) – Journal of Bone and Joint Infection

 

Brief Review | Mpox — A rapidly evolving disease

10 Feb, 2023 | 13:56h | UTC

Mpox—A Rapidly Evolving Disease – JAMA Dermatology

Related:

Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox (monkeypox): interim guidance, 22 December 2022 – World Health Organization

Rapid review on monkeypox policies among the G20 nations: relevance to policy and practitioner – F1000 Research

Clinical features and management of individuals admitted to hospital with monkeypox and associated complications across the UK: a retrospective cohort study – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Monkeypox (hMPXV infection): A practical review – American Journal of Medicine

Monkeypox in pregnancy: virology, clinical presentation, and obstetric management – American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

WHO renames “monkeypox” as “mpox” to help destigmatize the disease.

Monkeypox – The Lancet

Study shows there is substantial monkeypox transmission before symptoms appear.

Global monkeypox case hospitalisation rates: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis – eClinicalMedicine

Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: a global case series – The Lancet

Monkeypox — A Sobering Sentinel for Pandemic Preparedness and Sexual Health System Capacity – New England Journal of Medicine

CDC study shows healthcare workers have a low risk of infection after exposure to patients with monkeypox.

Monkeypox – New England Journal of Medicine

Diagnosis and Management of Monkeypox: A Review for the Emergency Clinician – Annals of Emergency Medicine

Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions.

Monkeypox: A clinical update for paediatricians – Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health

Cohort Study | Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain.

CDC Report | Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Monkeypox cases in the US.

Update on the Monkeypox Outbreak – JAMA

Antivirals with Activity Against Monkeypox: A Clinically Oriented Review – Clinical Infectious Diseases

Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series – The BMJ

WHO Declares Global Public Health Emergency Over Monkeypox Virus Outbreak – Health Policy Watch

Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022 – New England Journal of Medicine

Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals – Open Forum Infectious Diseases

 

SR | Mechanical plus oral antibiotic bowel preparation may prevent complications in elective colorectal surgery

10 Feb, 2023 | 13:53h | UTC

Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective colorectal surgery – Cochrane Library

Summary: Can combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation reduce the risk of complications after scheduled colon or rectal resections compared with purely mechanical, purely oral antibiotic or no bowel preparation? – Cochrane Library

Related:

M-A: Strategies for antibiotic administration for bowel preparation among patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery – “the addition of oral antibiotics to intravenous antibiotics was associated with a reduction in the incidence of incisional surgical site infection by more than 50%”.

Meta-Analysis: Effects of Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Before Elective Colorectal Surgery

 

Guillain–Barré syndrome following influenza vaccination: a 15-year nationwide population-based case–control study

10 Feb, 2023 | 13:35h | UTC

Guillain–Barré syndrome following influenza vaccination: A 15-year nationwide population-based case–control study – European Journal of Neurology

Commentary: Influenza vaccination increases risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome within one month – Medical Dialogues

 

SHEA/IDSA/APIC Recommendations | Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene

9 Feb, 2023 | 14:08h | UTC

SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene: 2022 Update – Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology

 

RCT | Pegylated Interferon Lambda reduces hospitalizations in predominantly vaccinated outpatients with Covid-19

9 Feb, 2023 | 14:03h | UTC

Early Treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19 – New England Journal of Medicine

News Release: Single-dose treatment reduces risk of COVID-19 hospitalization by half for high-risk patients in a largely vaccinated population – University Health Network

 

Case-control study | Effectiveness of a Meningococcal Group B vaccine (4CMenB) in children

9 Feb, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC

Effectiveness of a Meningococcal Group B Vaccine (4CMenB) in Children – New England Journal of Medicine

Commentaries:

NEJM: Effectiveness of pediatric meningococcal B vaccine – MedicalResearch.com

4CMenB Vaccination Effective Against Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Children Under 5 – HealthDay

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cohort Study | Outcomes of Meningococcal B disease in children after implementation of routine 4CMenB vaccination

9 Feb, 2023 | 13:57h | UTC

Outcomes of meningococcal serogroup B disease in children after implementation of routine infant 4CMenB vaccination in England: an active, prospective, national surveillance study – The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

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