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SR | Oral contraceptives containing drospirenone for premenstrual syndrome
3 Jul, 2023 | 14:13h | UTCOral contraceptives containing drospirenone for premenstrual syndrome – Cochrane Library
Summary: Birth control pills with drospirenone for treating premenstrual syndrome – Cochrane Library
USPSTF Recommendations | Screen for anxiety disorders in adults, including pregnant and postpartum women
30 Jun, 2023 | 15:03h | UTCEditorial: Are There Reasons to Fear Anxiety Screening? – JAMA
Evidence Report: Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force – JAMA
Patient Page: Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults – JAMA
Author Interview: USPSTF Recommendations: Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults, and Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults – JAMA
From NAFLD to MASLD | New consensus changes fatty liver disease terminology to avoid stigmatization
30 Jun, 2023 | 15:01h | UTCA multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature – Hepatology
Commentary on Twitter
Big news in the field of Hepatology
In 1980, Jurgen Ludwig and his colleagues at Mayo Clinic, identified a severe type of fatty liver disease in people who did not drink signficant amounts of alcohol. The disease was more common in women, most patients were obese and suffered… pic.twitter.com/aAq2vneIov
— TheLiverDoc (@theliverdr) June 25, 2023
Consensus Statement 2023 Update | Timing of elective surgery and risk assessment after SARS-CoV-2 infection
30 Jun, 2023 | 15:00h | UTCTiming of elective surgery and risk assessment after SARS-CoV-2 infection: 2023 update – Anaesthesia
Commentary on Twitter
?"In most circumstances, surgery should proceed unless risk assessment indicates that the risk of proceeding exceeds the risk of delay."@Assoc_Anaes @RCoANews @UkFssa @RCSnews @elboghdadly @doctimcook @justin_kua @NigelMercer @rmoonesinghe
?https://t.co/gfjymze0oi pic.twitter.com/D8bEfAHBD7
— ??????????? (@Anaes_Journal) June 20, 2023
Phase 2 RCT | FGF21 analogue Pegozafermin treatment leads to improvement in NASH fibrosis
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:58h | UTCSummary: In a phase 2b, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogue pegozafermin was examined for its efficacy and safety in treating patients with biopsy-confirmed noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A total of 222 patients with moderate or severe fibrosis (stage F2 or F3) were assigned to receive either subcutaneous pegozafermin at varying doses or a placebo. The primary endpoints were an improvement in fibrosis and resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis at 24 weeks.
The results showed that a larger percentage of patients receiving pegozafermin met the criteria for fibrosis improvement and NASH resolution compared to those receiving placebo. The most significant improvements were observed in the 44-mg pegozafermin group, with 27% showing fibrosis improvement and 26% meeting NASH resolution criteria, compared to 7% and 2% in the placebo group, respectively. Adverse events were mainly gastrointestinal and included nausea and diarrhea. These findings support the progression of pegozafermin into phase 3 development.
Article: Randomized, Controlled Trial of the FGF21 Analogue Pegozafermin in NASH – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Commentary on Twitter
Late breaking at #EASLCongress: In this phase 2b, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, pegozafermin, a long-acting glycopegylated FGF21 analogue, reduced fibrosis at 24 weeks. Full results by @drloomba et al.: https://t.co/mfRRrV2yX2
— NEJM (@NEJM) June 24, 2023
RCT | Substituting saline with balanced crystalloid solution reduces delayed graft function in kidney transplantation
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:56h | UTCSummary: The BEST-Fluids study was a pragmatic, multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial carried out across 16 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand, aimed at comparing the use of balanced crystalloid solution (Plasma-Lyte 148) and saline in deceased donor kidney transplantation. The sample size comprised of 808 participants, who were either adults or children of any age, with the primary outcome defined as delayed graft function (DGF) occurring within 7 days post-transplantation.
Findings from the trial revealed that the balanced crystalloid group experienced less DGF than the saline group, with 121 out of 404 participants (30%) and 160 out of 403 participants (40%), respectively. This result yields an adjusted relative risk of 0.74 and an adjusted risk difference of 10.1%.
The study suggests that balanced crystalloid solution significantly reduces the incidence of DGF compared to saline. As no significant safety concerns were raised during the trial, the researchers recommend the use of balanced crystalloid solution as the standard-of-care intravenous fluid in deceased donor kidney transplantation. However, the study doesn’t indicate any significant differences in graft failure or mortality rates, which calls for further research.
Article: Balanced crystalloid solution versus saline in deceased donor kidney transplantation (BEST-Fluids): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial – The Lancet (free registration required)
SR | Little to no impact of low glycemic index/glycemic load diets on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:54h | UTCSummary: This systematic review examined the impact of low glycaemic index or load (GI/GL) diets on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals, analyzing data from 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with 1,210 participants. The main outcomes included changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), adverse events, health-related quality of life, and mortality. The study showed that low GI/GL diets probably result in little to no difference in body weight and BMI changes compared to higher GI/GL diets or other diets. The evidence suggests a lack of effect on all main outcomes and the possible positive influence on mood remains uncertain.
The studies included in this review had a small sample size with a moderate to very low certainty of evidence. This suggests more well-structured studies with larger sample sizes are needed for firmer conclusions. Limitations of this review included the risk of bias, as many of the studies did not adopt objective outcome measurements and some had a high degree of loss to follow-up. Furthermore, the researchers recommend that future studies focus on diverse demographic groups and include participants from low- and middle-income countries.
Consensus Statement | Evaluation and management of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:53h | UTCInvited Commentary: Finding a Quorum in Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Management – JAMA Network Open
M-A | Metoclopramide effective in acute migraine relief, comparable to most active drugs, superior to placebo
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:51h | UTC
M-A | Tracheostomy timing not a key determinant of clinical outcomes in critically ill stroke patients
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:50h | UTC
SR | Medical equipment that improve safety and outcomes of inter-facility transportation of critically ill patients
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:48h | UTC
M-A | Effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:47h | UTC
M-A | Interventions using wearable activity trackers to improve patient physical activity in adults who are hospitalized
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:46h | UTCAuthor Interview: Wearable Activity Trackers to Improve Physical Activity and Outcomes – JAMA
News Release: Wearable activity trackers accelerate hospital patient recovery – University of South Australia
Consensus Paper | Colorectal neuroendocrine tumors
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:45h | UTC
Development and validation of an international preoperative risk assessment model for postoperative delirium
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:43h | UTC
RCT | Luspatercept outperforms epoetin alfa in interim analysis, shows promise for lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:42h | UTCEfficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (COMMANDS): interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial – The Lancet (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
M-A | Comparing the efficacy of different types of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:40h | UTC
RCT | Noninferior results with quick resumption of activity after pelvic organ prolapse surgery
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:38h | UTCStandard Restrictions vs Expedited Activity After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Surgery (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
See also: Visual Abstract
Commentary: No Need to Avoid Exercise After Prolapse Surgery, Study Finds – HealthDay
M-A | The effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:37h | UTC
SR | Drivers of emergency department use among oncology patients in the era of novel cancer therapeutics
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:35h | UTC
Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: an analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:33h | UTC
Update on transfusion-related acute lung injury: an overview of its pathogenesis and management
30 Jun, 2023 | 14:31h | UTC
AHA Scientific Statement | Considerations on the management of acute postoperative ischemia after cardiac surgery
29 Jun, 2023 | 14:07h | UTC
Post hoc analysis | Low-dose aspirin linked to increased risk of anemia in older adults
29 Jun, 2023 | 14:06h | UTCSummary: In a post hoc analysis of the ASPREE randomized controlled trial, the impact of daily low-dose aspirin on anemia, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin concentrations in elderly individuals was investigated. The study included 19,114 community-dwelling individuals aged 70 years and older (or ≥65 years for Black and Hispanic individuals) from Australia and the United States.
Findings reveal an increased incidence of anemia in the aspirin group compared to the placebo group (51.2 events versus 42.9 events per 1000 person-years, respectively). This correlates to a 20% increase in risk (hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.29]). Hemoglobin concentrations displayed a more pronounced decline in the aspirin group by 0.6 g/L per 5 years. Additionally, among participants with ferritin measures, the aspirin group exhibited a greater prevalence of ferritin levels less than 45 µg/L at year 3 and overall decline in ferritin by 11.5%. The study found similar results even in the absence of major bleeding.
This research underscores the risk of anemia and decline in ferritin in otherwise healthy older adults taking low-dose aspirin, highlighting the need for periodic monitoring of hemoglobin levels. However, the study lacked data on the causes of anemia, indicating the need for further research.
Article: Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin Versus Placebo on Incidence of Anemia in the Elderly: A Secondary Analysis of the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Trial – Annals of Internal Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
News Release: Low-dose aspirin may increase anaemia risk in healthy older adults: study – Monash University
Commentaries:
Aspirin Use Ups Risk of Anemia in Elderly Patients: ASPREE – TCTMD
Low-dose aspirin associated with 20% increase in risk of anemia among older adults – ACP Internist
Original Study: Effect of Aspirin on All-Cause Mortality in the Healthy Elderly – New England Journal of Medicine
Review | Breathing difficulties after covid-19: a guide for primary care
29 Jun, 2023 | 14:04h | UTCBreathing difficulties after covid-19: a guide for primary care – The BMJ