RCT: ICS-Formoterol and ICS-SABA Reduce Severe Asthma Exacerbations Compared With SABA Alone
28 Oct, 2024 | 18:12h | UTCBackground: Asthma affects millions worldwide and is managed using inhaled relievers to alleviate acute symptoms. While short-acting β agonists (SABA) are commonly used, combining inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with SABA or formoterol may enhance outcomes. Recent guidelines recommend ICS-formoterol as the preferred reliever, but the optimal choice remains uncertain, especially following the recent FDA approval of ICS-SABA.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of SABA alone, ICS-SABA, and ICS-formoterol as reliever therapies in asthma.
Methods: This systematic review and network meta-analysis included 27 randomized controlled trials involving 50,496 adult and pediatric asthma patients. Trials compared SABA alone, ICS-SABA, and ICS-formoterol as reliever therapies, ensuring similar maintenance treatments across groups. Outcomes assessed were severe asthma exacerbations, asthma symptom control (Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 [ACQ-5]), asthma-related quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire [AQLQ]), adverse events, and mortality.
Results: Compared with SABA alone, both ICS-containing relievers significantly reduced severe exacerbations:
- ICS-formoterol: Risk ratio (RR) 0.65 (95% CI, 0.60–0.72); risk difference (RD) –10.3% (95% CI, –11.8% to –8.3%).
- ICS-SABA: RR 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.95); RD –4.7% (95% CI, –8.0% to –1.5%).
Compared with ICS-SABA, ICS-formoterol further reduced severe exacerbations (RR 0.78; RD –5.5%). Both ICS-containing relievers modestly improved asthma symptom control compared with SABA alone. No increase in adverse events was observed with either ICS-containing therapy.
Conclusions: Both ICS-formoterol and ICS-SABA as reliever therapies reduce severe asthma exacerbations and improve symptom control compared with SABA alone, without increasing adverse events. ICS-formoterol may offer additional benefits over ICS-SABA in reducing exacerbations.
Implications for Practice: These findings support the use of ICS-containing reliever therapies over SABA alone in asthma management to reduce severe exacerbations and improve control. ICS-formoterol may be preferred when a greater reduction in exacerbations is desired.
Study Strengths and Limitations: High-certainty evidence strengthens these conclusions, but the lack of direct comparisons between ICS-formoterol and ICS-SABA and limited pediatric data are notable limitations.
Future Research: Direct head-to-head trials comparing ICS-formoterol and ICS-SABA, particularly in pediatric populations, are needed to confirm these findings.